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Protocol
Microfluidic 3D Cytotoxic Assay
Microfluidic-based cytotoxic assays provide high physiological relevance with the potential to replace conventional animal experiments and two-dimensional (2D) assays. Here, a 3D method utilizing a microfluidi...
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Protocol
Liquid Glycan Array
The M13 phage platform is a stable and monodisperse nanoscale carrier, which can be modified with different molecules by chemical conjugation strategies. Here, we describe M13 phage acylated on pVIII protein w...
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Protocol
Prediction of Peptide and TCR CDR3 Loops in Formation of Class I MHC-Peptide-TCR Complexes Using Molecular Models with Solvation
Formation of major histocompatibility (MHC)-peptide-T cell receptor (TCR) complexes is central to initiation of an adaptive immune response. These complexes form through initial stabilization of the MHC fold v...
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Protocol
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Identification and Quantification of Lipids in Liposomes
Liposomes are spherical, closed vesicles consisting of at least one lipid bilayer with a water chamber and are widely used to encapsulate bioactive molecules. Lipid membranes, composed of different types of li...
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Protocol
Cytosolic Calcium Measurement Utilizing a Single-Cell Biochip to Study the Effect of Curcumin and Resveratrol on a Single Glioma Cell
A microfluidic method has been developed for real-time measurement of the effects of curcumin on the intracellular calcium concentration in a single glioma cell (U87-MG). This method is based on quantitative f...
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Protocol
Transwell In Vitro Cell Migration and Invasion Assays
Cell migration and invasion have essential roles in both normal physiology and disease. As such, methodologies to assess cell migratory and invasive capacities are necessary to elucidate normal cell processes ...
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Protocol
Digital Microfluidics with an On-Chip Drug Dispenser for Single or Combinational Drug Screening
Rapid and accurate cancer drug screening is of great importance in precision medicine. However, the limited amount of tumor biopsy samples has hindered the application of traditional drug screening methods wit...
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Protocol
Single-Cell Analysis of circRNA Using ddPCR
Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a new quantitative PCR method based on water-oil emulsion droplet technology. ddPCR enables highly sensitive and accurate quantification of nucleic acid mol...
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Protocol
Preparation and Characterization of Trastuzumab Fab-Conjugated Liposomes (Immunoliposomes)
Immunoliposomes are made by conjugating antibodies or antibody fragments on liposome surfaces. Antibody fragments Fab’, single-chain Fv fragments (scFv), or new constructs such as nanobodies are commonly used ...
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Protocol
Dielectrophoresis-Assisted Self-Digitization Chip for High-Efficiency Single-Cell Analysis
Single-cell analysis of cell phenotypic information such as surface protein expression and nucleic acid content is essential for understanding heterogeneity within cell populations. Here the design and use of ...
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Protocol
The PANDORA Software for Anchor-Restrained Peptide:MHC Modeling
Major histocompatibility complexes ( ) play a key role in the immune surveillance system in all jawed vertebrates. MHC class molecules randomly sample cytosolic peptides from inside the cell, while MHC class...
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Protocol
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Assays for High-Throughput Screening
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) hydrolyzes acetylcholine (ACh), a vital neurotransmitter that regulates muscle movement and brain function, including memory, attention, and learning. Inhibition of AChE activity ca...
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Protocol
Cell-Based Imaging Assay for Detection of Phospholipidosis
Accumulation of lysosomal phospholipids in cells exposed to cationic amphiphilic drugs is characteristic of drug-induced phospholipidosis. The morphological hallmark of phospholipidosis is the appearance of un...
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Protocol
Cell-Based Assays to Identify Modulators of Nrf2/ARE Pathway
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway play an important role in the amelioration of cellular oxidative stress. Thus, assays that detect t...
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Protocol
GFP-LC3 High-Content Assay for Screening Autophagy Modulators
Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Defects in autophagy have been linked to various human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. ...
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Protocol
DNA-Generated Electric Current Biosensor for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Analysis
Electrochemical biosensors have been applied in the detection of human serum biomarkers for clinical applications. A kind of signal amplifying method using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as signal probe was devel...
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Protocol
Quantitative and Selective DNA Detection with Portable Personal Glucose Meter Using Loop-Based DNA Competitive Hybridization Strategy
A portable, quantitative, and selective DNA detection biosensor, based on a loop-based DNA competitive hybridization assay and a personal glucose meter (PGM), is an advanced strategy for one-step target DNA re...
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Protocol
Extracellular Vesicle Collection from Human Stem Cells Grown in Suspension Bioreactors
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles with 100–1000 nm sizes which are secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Meanwhile, studies have found that EVs secreted by human stem cells carry similar ...
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Protocol
A Streptomyces-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System for High-Level Protein Expression
With the rapid development of cell-free biotechnology, more and more cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems have been established and optimized for protein expression in vitro. Here, we aim to improve the ...
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Protocol
Construction of Strong Promoters by Assembling Sigma Factor Binding Motifs
Development of strong promoters is of growing interest in the field of biotechnology and synthetic biology. Here we present a protocol for the construction of strong prokaryotic promoters that can be recognize...