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Protocol
Microfluidic 3D Cytotoxic Assay
Microfluidic-based cytotoxic assays provide high physiological relevance with the potential to replace conventional animal experiments and two-dimensional (2D) assays. Here, a 3D method utilizing a microfluidi...
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Protocol
Liquid Glycan Array
The M13 phage platform is a stable and monodisperse nanoscale carrier, which can be modified with different molecules by chemical conjugation strategies. Here, we describe M13 phage acylated on pVIII protein w...
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Protocol
Prediction of Peptide and TCR CDR3 Loops in Formation of Class I MHC-Peptide-TCR Complexes Using Molecular Models with Solvation
Formation of major histocompatibility (MHC)-peptide-T cell receptor (TCR) complexes is central to initiation of an adaptive immune response. These complexes form through initial stabilization of the MHC fold v...
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Protocol
Cytosolic Calcium Measurement Utilizing a Single-Cell Biochip to Study the Effect of Curcumin and Resveratrol on a Single Glioma Cell
A microfluidic method has been developed for real-time measurement of the effects of curcumin on the intracellular calcium concentration in a single glioma cell (U87-MG). This method is based on quantitative f...
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Protocol
Single-Cell Analysis of circRNA Using ddPCR
Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a new quantitative PCR method based on water-oil emulsion droplet technology. ddPCR enables highly sensitive and accurate quantification of nucleic acid mol...
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Protocol
Dielectrophoresis-Assisted Self-Digitization Chip for High-Efficiency Single-Cell Analysis
Single-cell analysis of cell phenotypic information such as surface protein expression and nucleic acid content is essential for understanding heterogeneity within cell populations. Here the design and use of ...
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Protocol
The PANDORA Software for Anchor-Restrained Peptide:MHC Modeling
Major histocompatibility complexes ( ) play a key role in the immune surveillance system in all jawed vertebrates. MHC class molecules randomly sample cytosolic peptides from inside the cell, while MHC class...
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Protocol
Extracellular Vesicle Collection from Human Stem Cells Grown in Suspension Bioreactors
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles with 100–1000 nm sizes which are secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Meanwhile, studies have found that EVs secreted by human stem cells carry similar ...
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Protocol
A Streptomyces-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System for High-Level Protein Expression
With the rapid development of cell-free biotechnology, more and more cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems have been established and optimized for protein expression in vitro. Here, we aim to improve the ...
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Protocol
Construction of Strong Promoters by Assembling Sigma Factor Binding Motifs
Development of strong promoters is of growing interest in the field of biotechnology and synthetic biology. Here we present a protocol for the construction of strong prokaryotic promoters that can be recognize...
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Protocol
Site-Directed Mutagenesis Method Mediated by Cas9
This study presents an in vitro CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenic (ICM) system that allows rapid construction of designed mutants or site-saturation mutagenesis libraries in a PCR-independent manner. The plasmid ...
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Protocol
Detection of Residual Host Cell Proteins in Biotherapeutic Drugs by Concatenated 2D LC-MS/MS
A sensitive and reliable two-dimensional LC-MS/MS method is described, which detects low level (≥10 ppm) host cell proteins (HCPs) in monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug products. This method applies a high pH–low ...
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Protocol
Evaluation of Innate Lymphoid Cells and Dendritic Cells Following Viral Vector Vaccination
Recently, we have shown that fate of a vaccine is determined by the cytokine milieu in the innate immune compartment at the early stage of vaccination. Specifically, 24 h post-delivery, level of innate lymphoi...
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Protocol
Cell-Free Noncanonical Redox Cofactor Systems
Noncanonical redox cofactor systems utilize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), NAD(P)H, mimics to perform biotransformation reactions. Compared to systems utilizing native NAD(P)H, these noncanonic...
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Protocol
Development of a Multi-target Protein Biomarker Assay for Circulating Tumor Cells
We report a highly sensitive and selective CNT-switch liquid biopsy platform that detects and quantifies protein biomarker expressions from circulating tumor cells in blood for early detection of metastatic br...
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Protocol
Node-Pore Sensing for Characterizing Cells and Extracellular Vesicles
Node-Pore Sensing, NPS, is an extremely versatile and powerful technique for the analysis of cells and the detection of extracellular vesicles (EVs). NPS involves measuring the modulated current pulse caused b...
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Protocol
Ligand-Directed GPCR Antibody Discovery
Develo** affinity reagents recognizing and modulating G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) function by traditional animal immunization or in vitro screening methods is challenging. Some anti-GPCR antibodies ex...
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Protocol
Chemical Modification of Proteins and Their Intracellular Delivery Using Lipidoid Nanoparticles
Protein-based therapeutics are a class of drugs considered to be one of most safe and straightforward approaches for manipulating cell function and treating diseases. However, in contrast to traditional small-...
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Protocol
Low-Voltage Continuous Electrospinning: A Versatile Protocol for Patterning Nano- and Micro-Scaled Fibers for Cell Interface
Nano- and micro-scaled fibers have been incorporated in a number of applications in biofabrication and tissue cultures, providing a cell interfacing structure with extracellular matrix-mimicking topography and...
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Protocol
Raman Cryomicroscopic Imaging and Sample Holder for Spectroscopic Subzero Temperature Measurements
Raman spectroscopy has been gaining in popularity for noninvasive analysis of single cells. Raman spectra and images deliver meaningful information regarding the biochemical, biophysical, and structural proper...