Co-signal Molecules in T Cell Activation
Immune Regulation in Health and Disease
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Open AccessPreventive Effects of Dental Pulp Stem Cell-conditioned Media on Anti-RANKL Antibody-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a serious disease occurring in patients with cancer and osteoporosis, who are undergoing treatment with antiresorptive agents (ARAs) such as bisphosphonate (BP) o...
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Open AccessFibroblast growth factor 18 stimulates the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells, thereby inducing liver fibrosis
Liver fibrosis results from chronic liver injury triggered by factors such as viral infection, excess alcohol intake, and lipid accumulation. However, the mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis are not fully und...
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cFLIP suppression and DR5 activation sensitize senescent cancer cells to senolysis
Senolytics, drugs that kill senescent cells, have been proposed to improve the response to pro-senescence cancer therapies; however, this remains challenging due to a lack of broadly acting senolytic drugs. Us...
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Open AccessAnti-CD80/86 antibodies inhibit inflammatory reaction and improve graft survival in a high-risk murine corneal transplantation rejection model
We investigated the effects of anti-CD80/86 antibodies in a murine high-risk corneal transplantation rejection model. A mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay was conducted with anti-CD80/86 antibodies. Inflamm...
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Safety and antibody immune response of CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccine combined with poly-ICLC in advanced or recurrent esophageal cancer patients
The nanoparticle complex of cholesteryl pullulan (CHP) and NY-ESO-1 antigen protein (CHP-NY-ESO-1) presents multiple epitope peptides to MHC class I and II pathways, leading to CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses. Pol...
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Open AccessPLGA-particle vaccine carrying TLR3/RIG-I ligand Riboxxim synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade for effective anti-cancer immunotherapy
With emerging supremacy, cancer immunotherapy has evolved as a promising therapeutic modality compared to conventional antitumor therapies. Cancer immunotherapy composed of biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic a...
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Open AccessInterleukin-11-expressing fibroblasts have a unique gene signature correlated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer
Interleukin (IL)-11 is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines and is involved in multiple cellular responses, including tumor development. However, the origin and functions of IL-11-producing (IL-11+) cells are...
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Open AccessAnti-CD321 antibody immunotherapy protects liver against ischemia and reperfusion-induced injury
The prognosis of the liver transplant patients was frequently deteriorated by ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) in the liver. Infiltration of inflammatory cells is reported to play critical roles in the pa...
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Open AccessCD39+PD-1+CD8+ T cells mediate metastatic dormancy in breast cancer
Some breast tumors metastasize aggressively whereas others remain dormant for years. The mechanism governing metastatic dormancy remains largely unknown. Through high-parametric single-cell map** in mice, we...
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Open AccessAddendum: A FRET biosensor for necroptosis uncovers two different modes of the release of DAMPs
The cDNA sequence of human SMART described in this Article was misreported, as described in the accompanying Addendum. This error does not affect the results or any conclusion of the Article.
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Depletion of PD-1-positive cells ameliorates autoimmune disease
Targeted suppression of autoimmune diseases without collateral suppression of normal immunity remains an elusive yet clinically important goal. Targeted blockade of programmed-cell-death-protein-1 (PD-1)—an im...
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Open AccessA FRET biosensor for necroptosis uncovers two different modes of the release of DAMPs
Necroptosis is a regulated form of necrosis that depends on receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). While danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)s are involv...
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Perforin proteostasis is regulated through its C2 domain: supra-physiological cell death mediated by T431D-perforin
The pore forming, Ca2+-dependent protein, perforin, is essential for the function of cytotoxic lymphocytes, which are at the frontline of immune defence against pathogens and cancer. Perforin is a glycoprotein st...
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Open AccessGenetic deletion of muscle RANK or selective inhibition of RANKL is not as effective as full-length OPG-fc in mitigating muscular dystrophy
Although there is a strong association between osteoporosis and skeletal muscle atrophy/dysfunction, the functional relevance of a particular biological pathway that regulates synchronously bone and skeletal m...
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Open AccessAnti-CD11b antibody treatment suppresses the osteoclast generation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and autoantibody production in arthritis-prone FcγRIIB-deficient mice
Previously we established an arthritis-prone FcγRIIB-deficient mouse strain (designated KO1). Anti-mouse CD11b mAb (5C6) has been reported to inhibit the recruitment of peripheral CD11b+ myelomonocytic cells from...
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Open AccessNotch Ligand DLL4 Alleviates Allergic Airway Inflammation via Induction of a Homeostatic Regulatory Pathway
Notch is a pleiotropic signaling family that has been implicated in pathogenesis of allergic airway diseases; however, the distinct function of individual Notch ligands remains elusive. We investigated whether...
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Open AccessConcomitant targeting of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and CD137 improves the efficacy of radiotherapy in a mouse model of human BRAFV600-mutant melanoma
T cell checkpoint blockade with antibodies targeting programmed cell death (ligand)-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and/or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-antigen 4 (CTLA-4) has improved therapy outcome in melanoma patients. However, ...
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Open AccessThe PTEN pathway in Tregs functions as a critical driver of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tolerance to apoptotic cells
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Open AccessBotulinum toxin A complex exploits intestinal M cells to enter the host and exert neurotoxicity
To cause food-borne botulism, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in the gastrointestinal lumen must traverse the intestinal epithelial barrier. However, the mechanism by which BoNT crosses the intestinal epithelial b...
