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A new immunodeficiency disorder in humans involving NK cells
Immunodeficiency disorders have provided much information on the development and interaction of the various B and T lymphoid components in the immune system of man. As the lymphoid system becomes increasingly ...
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Circulating CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for HTLV-I pX in patients with HTLV-I associated neurological disease
THE human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), the first human retrovirus to be characterized, is associated with adult T-cell leukaemia and a chronic progressive disease of the central nervous system termed ...
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HIV infection is active and progressive in lymphoid tissue during the clinically latent stage of disease
PRIMARY infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is generally followed by a burst of viraemia with or without clinical symptoms1–3. This in turn is followed by a prolonged period of clinical latency....
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Major expansion of CD8+ T cells with a predominant Vβ usage during the primary immune response to HIV
A SIGNIFICANT proportion (up to 70%) of individuals experience an acute clinical syndrome of varying severity associated with primary infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)1–4. We report here studi...
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Trapped but still dangerous
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An elusive soluble suppressor
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Host factors and the pathogenesis of HIV-induced disease
The level of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in patients reflects a balance between stimulatory and inhibitory host factors (particularly endogenous cytokines). New information concerning the ce...
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Macrophage-tropic HIV and SIV envelope proteins induce a signal through the CCR5 chemokine receptor
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) enter target cells by forming a complex between the viral envelope protein and two cell-surface membrane receptors: CD4 and a 7-span t...
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Re-emergence of HIV after stop** therapy
A dormant reservoir of human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) is established early on during primary infection1 which consists of latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells carrying replication-competent HIV. This pool...
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Biodefence on the research agenda
The world needs new and creative ways to counter bioterrorism.
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The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
Infectious diseases have for centuries ranked with wars and famine as major challenges to human progress and survival. They remain among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Against a constant...
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Race against time
A committed, transparent research effort into the detection, prevention and treatment of bird flu is now critical. Anthony S. Fauci presents the questions that need answers.
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25 years of HIV
Reflecting on how far we have come scientifically since isolating HIV in 1983, Anthony S. Fauci urges a renewed commitment to the far greater challenges ahead, especially that of vaccine development.
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Early antibody therapy can induce long-lasting immunity to SHIV
Early administration of broadly neutralizing antibodies in a macaque SHIV infection model is associated with very low levels of persistent viraemia, which leads to the establishment of T-cell immunity and resu...
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Open AccessImprovement of antibody functionality by structure-guided paratope engraftment
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) represent a promising alternative to antiretroviral drugs for HIV-1 prevention and treatment. Selected antibodies to the CD4-binding site bolster envelope trimer binding...
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Combination anti-HIV antibodies provide sustained virological suppression
Antiretroviral therapy is highly effective in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)1. However, eradication of the virus in individuals with HIV has not been possible to date2. Given that HIV suppression ...