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Article
Open AccessThe tyrosine kinase KDR is essential for the survival of HTLV-1-infected T cells by stabilizing the Tax oncoprotein
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is linked to the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and the neuroinflammatory disease, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic para...
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Article
Multiple sclerosis patient-derived spontaneous B cells have distinct EBV and host gene expression profiles in active disease
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an aetiologic risk factor for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the role of EBV-infected B cells in the immunopathology of MS is not well understood. Here we char...
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Article
Open AccessTranslocator protein is a marker of activated microglia in rodent models but not human neurodegenerative diseases
Microglial activation plays central roles in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET) targeting 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) is widely used for localising infl...
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Article
Open AccessTranscriptomic architecture of nuclei in the marmoset CNS
To understand the cellular composition and region-specific specialization of white matter — a disease-relevant, glia-rich tissue highly expanded in primates relative to rodents — we profiled transcriptomes of ...
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Article
Open AccessHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and cellular immune response in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HAM/TSP is an inflammatory disease of the s...
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Article
Open AccessCreation and validation of a bladder dysfunction symptom score for HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
Urinary dysfunction is one of the main features of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). However, a comprehensive assessment of the severity is diffic...
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Article
Open AccessImmunovirological markers in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)
Human T cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus and infects approximately 10–20 million people worldwide. While the majority of infected people are asymptomatic carriers of HTLV-1, only 4% of ...
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Article
Open AccessAn evaluation of HHV-6 as an etiologic agent in Hodgkin lymphoma and brain cancer using IARC criteria for oncogenicity
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is a ubiquitous double-stranded DNA virus that can cause roseola infantum, encephalitis, and seizure disorders. Several studies have shown an association between HHV-6 and cancer bu...
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Article
Viral Triggers and Inflammatory Mechanisms in Pediatric Epilepsy
Experimental and clinical findings suggest a crucial role for inflammation in the onset of pediatric seizures; this mechanism is not targeted by conventional antiepileptic drugs and may contribute to refractor...
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Article
Open AccessComprehensive Analysis of TCR-β Repertoire in Patients with Neurological Immune-mediated Disorders
In this study we characterized the TCR repertoire profiles in patients with chronic progressive inflammatory neurological disorders including HAM/TSP, associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HT...
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Article
Role of Exosomes in Human Retroviral Mediated Disorders
Retroviruses comprise an ancient and varied group of viruses with the unique ability to integrate DNA from an RNA transcript into the genome, a subset of which are able to integrate in humans. The timing of th...
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Article
Open AccessViral antigens detectable in CSF exosomes from patients with retrovirus associated neurologic disease: functional role of exosomes
HTLV-1 infects over 20 million people worldwide and causes a progressive neuroinflammatory disorder in a subset of infected individuals called HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP...
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Protocol
Using Droplet Digital PCR to Detect Coinfection of Human Herpesviruses 6A and 6B (HHV-6A and HHV-6B) in Clinical Samples
Droplet digital™ polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR™) is a unique digital PCR technique that allows for absolute quantification of nucleic acid samples. This technique operates on the basis of amplification with...
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Article
HTLV-1 Infection and Neuropathogenesis in the Context of Rag1-/-γc-/- (RAG1-Hu) and BLT Mice
To date, the lack of a suitable small animal model has hindered our understanding of Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 chronic infection and associated neuropathogenesis defined as HTLV-1-associated mye...
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Chapter
Neuroimmunomodulation of Human T-Lymphotrophic Virus Type I/II Infection
Human T-Lymphotrophic Virus type I (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus. Infection is associated with a variety of human diseases including HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraperesis (HAM/TSP). L...
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Chapter
Multiple Sclerosis
Demyelinating diseases encompass a range of acute and chronic diseases affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Many of these diseases share elements of autoimmune etiology, such as the prese...
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Article
Open AccessDevelopment of neurologic diseases in a patient with primate T lymphotropic virus type 1 (PTLV-1)
Virus transmission from various wild and domestic animals contributes to an increased risk of emerging infectious diseases in human populations. HTLV-1 is a human retrovirus associated with acute T-cell leukem...
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Article
Open AccessHuman herpesvirus multiplex ddPCR detection in brain tissue from low- and high-grade astrocytoma cases and controls
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal CNS malignancy, representing 50 % of all gliomas with approximately 12–18 months survival time after initial diagnosis. Recently, the human herpesvirus cytomegalovirus (CMV) has b...
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Editorial
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Cytokine Therapies in Neurological Disease
Cytokines are a heterogeneous group of glycoproteins that coordinate physiological functions. Cytokine deregulation is observed in many neurological diseases. This article reviews current research focused on h...
