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  1. Article

    Open Access

    Co-localization of antibiotic resistance genes is widespread in the infant gut microbiome and associates with an immature gut microbial composition

    In environmental bacteria, the selective advantage of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be increased through co-localization with genes such as other ARGs, biocide resistance genes, metal resistance genes...

    Xuanji Li, Asker Brejnrod, Urvish Trivedi, Jakob Russel, Jonathan Thorsen in Microbiome (2024)

  2. Article

    Open Access

    Expanding known viral diversity in the healthy infant gut

    The gut microbiome is shaped through infancy and impacts the maturation of the immune system, thus protecting against chronic disease later in life. Phages, or viruses that infect bacteria, modulate bacterial ...

    Shiraz A. Shah, Ling Deng, Jonathan Thorsen, Anders G. Pedersen in Nature Microbiology (2023)

  3. No Access

    Article

    Evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems: a burst of class 2 and derived variants

    The number and diversity of known CRISPR–Cas systems have substantially increased in recent years. Here, we provide an updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems and cas genes, with an emphasis on ...

    Kira S. Makarova, Yuri I. Wolf, Jaime Iranzo in Nature Reviews Microbiology (2020)

  4. No Access

    Article

    An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems

  5. CRISPR–Cas systems provide archaea and bacteria with adaptive immunity against viruses and plasmids.

  6. CRISPR...

  7. Kira S. Makarova, Yuri I. Wolf, Omer S. Alkhnbashi in Nature Reviews Microbiology (2015)

  8. No Access

    Chapter

    Archaeal Type II Toxin-Antitoxins

    A few of the bacterial type II TA systems, primarily those involved in translational inhibition, occur widely throughout the archaeal domain. Using a bioinformatic approach, the frequency and distribution of t...

    Shiraz A. Shah, Roger A. Garrett in Prokaryotic Toxin-Antitoxins (2013)