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Article
Open AccessCo-localization of antibiotic resistance genes is widespread in the infant gut microbiome and associates with an immature gut microbial composition
In environmental bacteria, the selective advantage of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be increased through co-localization with genes such as other ARGs, biocide resistance genes, metal resistance genes...
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Article
Open AccessExpanding known viral diversity in the healthy infant gut
The gut microbiome is shaped through infancy and impacts the maturation of the immune system, thus protecting against chronic disease later in life. Phages, or viruses that infect bacteria, modulate bacterial ...
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Article
Evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems: a burst of class 2 and derived variants
The number and diversity of known CRISPR–Cas systems have substantially increased in recent years. Here, we provide an updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems and cas genes, with an emphasis on ...
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Article
An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems
CRISPR–Cas systems provide archaea and bacteria with adaptive immunity against viruses and plasmids.
CRISPR...
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Chapter
Archaeal Type II Toxin-Antitoxins
A few of the bacterial type II TA systems, primarily those involved in translational inhibition, occur widely throughout the archaeal domain. Using a bioinformatic approach, the frequency and distribution of t...