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Article
Open AccessMolecular patterns from a human gut-derived Lactobacillus strain suppress pathogenic infiltration of leukocytes into the central nervous system
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects 2.5 million people worldwide. Growing evidence suggests that perturbation of the gut microbiota, the dense collection of microorgan...
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Article
Open AccessDifferential transcriptional profiles identify microglial- and macrophage-specific gene markers expressed during virus-induced neuroinflammation
In the healthy central nervous system (CNS), microglia are found in a homeostatic state and peripheral macrophages are absent from the brain. Microglia play key roles in maintaining CNS homeostasis and acting ...
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Article
Microglial cell depletion is fatal with low level picornavirus infection of the central nervous system
Microglia are the only resident myeloid cell in the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma, but the role of microglia in the context of neurotropic viral infection is poorly understood. Using different amount...
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Article
Viral Triggers and Inflammatory Mechanisms in Pediatric Epilepsy
Experimental and clinical findings suggest a crucial role for inflammation in the onset of pediatric seizures; this mechanism is not targeted by conventional antiepileptic drugs and may contribute to refractor...
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Article
The immune response to picornavirus infection and the effect of immune manipulation on acute seizures
Viral infection of the central nervous system can result in encephalitis. About 20% of individuals who develop viral encephalitis go on to develop epilepsy. We have established an experimental model where viru...
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Article
The role of peripheral interleukin-6 in the development of acute seizures following virus encephalitis
Seizure disorders are often associated with infectious etiologies. Infection, via the intracerebral (i.c.) route, of C57BL/6J mice with the Daniels (DA) strain of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV...
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Article
Possible role of interleukin-17 in a prime/challenge model of multiple sclerosis
No one single pathogen has been identified as the causative agent of multiple sclerosis (MS). Alternately, the likelihood of an autoimmune event may be nonspecifically enhanced by different infectious agents. ...
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Article
Immunization with structural and non-structural proteins of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus alters demyelinating disease
Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) causes a demyelinating disease similar to multiple sclerosis in the central nervous system (CNS) of susceptible SJL/J mice. Immune responses to TMEV contribute t...
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Article
Antiviral CD8+ T cells cause an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-like disease in naive mice
Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and both autoimmune, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and vir...
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Article
Molecular Mimicry as a Mechanism of Autoimmune Disease
A variety of mechanisms have been suggested as the means by which infections can initiate and/or exacerbate autoimmune diseases. One mechanism is molecular mimicry, where a foreign antigen shares sequence or s...
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Article
Once initiated, viral encephalitis-induced seizures are consistent no matter the treatment or lack of interleukin-6
Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus infection of C57BL/6 mice results in acute behavioral seizures in 50% of the mice. Treatment of infected mice with minocycline or infection of interleukin (IL)-6-defici...
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Article
Studies in the Modulation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model for multiple sclerosis, can be induced through inoculation with several different central nervous system (CNS) proteins or peptides. Modul...
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Chapter
Potential Triggers of MS
MS is an immune mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination, axonal damage and neurologic disability. The primary cause of this CNS disease remains elusive. Here we will...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Central Nervous System Degeneration Caused by Autoimmune Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cell Clones and Hybridomas
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Article
Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus attachment to the gastrointestinal tract is associated with sialic acid binding
DA and GDVII are strains of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). DA virus mutant DApB encodes VP2 puff B of GDVII, whereas DApBL2M contains VP1 loop II of GDVII with a point mutation in VP2 puff B....
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Article
How Relevant are GFAP Autoantibodies in Autism and Tourette Syndrome?
Controversy exists over the role of autoantibodies to central nervous system antigens in autism and Tourette Syndrome. We investigated plasma autoantibody titers to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in ch...
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Article
Are There Enhanced MBP Autoantibodies in Autism?
Autoantibodies to central nervous system antigens, such as myelin basic protein (MBP), may play a role in autism. We measured autoantibody titers to MBP in children with autism, both classic onset and regressi...
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Article
Are there altered antibody responses to measles, mumps, or rubella viruses in autism?
The role that virus infections play in autism is not known. Others have reported that antibodies against measles virus are higher in the sera/plasma of children with autism versus controls. The authors investi...
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Article
Autistic disorder and viral infections
Autistic disorder (autism) is a behaviorally defined developmental disorder with a wide range of behaviors. Although the etiology of autism is unknown, data suggest that autism results from multiple etiologies...
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Article
Mutation in loop I of VP1 of Theiler’s virus delays viral RNA release into cells and enhances antibody-mediated neutralization: A mechanism for the failure of persistence by the mutant virus
The DA strain of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEV) causes a central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease with viral persistence despite the presence of high serum anti-TMEV antibody titer...
