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Article
Open AccessImproving the representativeness of UK’s national COVID-19 Infection Survey through spatio-temporal regression and post-stratification
Population-representative estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence and antibody levels in specific geographic areas at different time points are needed to optimise policy responses. However, even populatio...
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Article
Open AccessOvercoming challenges in the economic evaluation of interventions to optimise antibiotic use
Bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, reducing our ability to treat infections and threatening to undermine modern health care. Optimising antibiotic use is a key element in tackling the...
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Article
Open AccessRisk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection during multiple Omicron variant waves in the UK general population
SARS-CoV-2 reinfections increased substantially after Omicron variants emerged. Large-scale community-based comparisons across multiple Omicron waves of reinfection characteristics, risk factors, and protectio...
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Article
Open AccessIncidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Older Adults: Limitations of Current Data
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of severe respiratory illness in older adults and adults with respiratory or cardiovascular comorbidities. Published estimates of its incidence and preva...
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Article
Open AccessCOVID-19 vaccination, risk-compensatory behaviours, and contacts in the UK
The physiological effects of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) are well documented, yet the behavioural effects not well known. Risk compensation suggests that gains in personal safety, as a result of ...
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Article
Open AccessProtection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variant following booster vaccination or breakthrough infection in the UK
Following primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, whether boosters or breakthrough infections provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection is incompletely understood. Here we investigated SARS-CoV-2 antibod...
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Article
Open AccessEstimation of the impact of hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections on length of stay in English hospitals using causal inference
From March 2020 through August 2021, 97,762 hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected in English hospitals. Resulting excess length of stay (LoS) created a potentially substantial health and economic ...
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Article
Open AccessModelling decay in effectiveness for evaluation of behaviour change interventions: a tutorial for public health economists
Recent methodological reviews of evaluations of behaviour change interventions in public health have highlighted that the decay in effectiveness over time has been mostly overlooked, potentially leading to sub...
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Article
Open AccessSARS-CoV-2 antibody trajectories after a single COVID-19 vaccination with and without prior infection
Given high SARS-CoV-2 incidence, coupled with slow and inequitable vaccine roll-out in many settings, there is a need for evidence to underpin optimum vaccine deployment, aiming to maximise global population i...
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Article
Open AccessAntibody responses and correlates of protection in the general population after two doses of the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines
Antibody responses are an important part of immunity after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. However, antibody trajectories and the associated duration of protection after a second vaccine dose ...
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Article
Open AccessImproving local prevalence estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infections using a causal debiasing framework
Global and national surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology is mostly based on targeted schemes focused on testing individuals with symptoms. These tested groups are often unrepresentative of the wider populat...
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Article
Open AccessEffect of Delta variant on viral burden and vaccine effectiveness against new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the UK
The effectiveness of the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines against new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections requires continuous re-evaluation, given the increasingly dominant B.1...
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Article
Open AccessAnti-spike antibody response to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population
Understanding the trajectory, duration, and determinants of antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection can inform subsequent protection and risk of reinfection, however large-scale representative studies ar...
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Article
Does bariatric surgery reduce future hospital costs? A propensity score-matched analysis using UK Biobank Study data
To estimate the hospital costs among persons with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery compared with those without bariatric surgery.
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Article
Open AccessProspective trial of different antimicrobial treatment durations for presumptive canine urinary tract infections
Avoidance of unnecessary antimicrobial administration is a key tenet of antimicrobial stewardship; knowing the optimal duration of therapy obviates over-treatment. However, little research has been performed t...
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Article
Open AccessAntibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in 45,965 adults from the general population of the United Kingdom
We report that in a cohort of 45,965 adults, who were receiving either the ChAdOx1 or the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, in those who had no prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, seroconversion rates and quantitativ...
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Article
Open AccessImpact of vaccination on new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United Kingdom
The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the general community is still unclear. Here, we used the Office for Natio...
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Article
Open AccessPreferences for Medical Consultations from Online Providers: Evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment in the United Kingdom
In the UK, consultations for prescription medicines are available via private providers such as online pharmacies. However, these providers may have lower thresholds for prescribing certain drugs. This is a pa...
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Article
Open AccessOptimizing COVID-19 surveillance in long-term care facilities: a modelling study
Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are vulnerable to outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Timely epidemiological surveillance is essential for outbreak response, but is complicated by a high propor...
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Article
Open AccessWhy do hospital prescribers continue antibiotics when it is safe to stop? Results of a choice experiment survey
Deciding whether to discontinue antibiotics at early review is a cornerstone of hospital antimicrobial stewardship practice worldwide. In England, this approach is described in government guidance (‘Start Smar...
