-
Article
Open AccessThe burden and dynamics of hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 in England
Hospital-based transmission had a dominant role in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) epidemics1,2, but large-scale studies of its...
-
Article
Open AccessThe uncertain role of substandard and falsified medicines in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance
Approximately 10% of antimicrobials used by humans in low- and middle-income countries are estimated to be substandard or falsified. In addition to their negative impact on morbidity and mortality, they may al...
-
Article
Open AccessEstimation of the impact of hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections on length of stay in English hospitals using causal inference
From March 2020 through August 2021, 97,762 hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected in English hospitals. Resulting excess length of stay (LoS) created a potentially substantial health and economic ...
-
Article
Open AccessThe contribution of hospital-acquired infections to the COVID-19 epidemic in England in the first half of 2020
SARS-CoV-2 is known to transmit in hospital settings, but the contribution of infections acquired in hospitals to the epidemic at a national scale is unknown.
-
Article
Open AccessProbabilistic modelling of effects of antibiotics and calendar time on transmission of healthcare-associated infection
Healthcare-associated infection and antimicrobial resistance are major concerns. However, the extent to which antibiotic exposure affects transmission and detection of infections such as MRSA is unclear. Addit...
-
Article
Pervasive transmission of a carbapenem resistance plasmid in the gut microbiota of hospitalized patients
Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria (CPE) are a major concern in clinical settings worldwide. Two fundamentally different processes shape the epidemiology of CPE in hospitals: the disse...
-
Article
Open AccessOptimising trial designs to identify appropriate antibiotic treatment durations
For many infectious conditions, the optimal antibiotic course length remains unclear. The estimation of course length must consider the important trade-off between maximising short- and long-term efficacy and ...
-
Article
Open AccessMicrobiology Investigation Criteria for Reporting Objectively (MICRO): a framework for the reporting and interpretation of clinical microbiology data
There is a pressing need to understand better the extent and distribution of antimicrobial resistance on a global scale, to inform development of effective interventions. Collation of datasets for meta-analysi...
-
Article
Open AccessEnumerating the economic cost of antimicrobial resistance per antibiotic consumed to inform the evaluation of interventions affecting their use
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a colossal threat to global health and incurs high economic costs to society. Economic evaluations of antimicrobials and interventions such as diagnostics and vaccines that...
-
Article
Open AccessSimulations for designing and interpreting intervention trials in infectious diseases
Interventions in infectious diseases can have both direct effects on individuals who receive the intervention as well as indirect effects in the population. In addition, intervention combinations can have comp...
-
Article
Open AccessMultiplex PCR point of care testing versus routine, laboratory-based testing in the treatment of adults with respiratory tract infections: a quasi-randomised study assessing impact on length of stay and antimicrobial use
Laboratory-based respiratory pathogen (RP) results are often available too late to influence clinical decisions such as hospitalisation or antibiotic treatment due to time delay in transport of specimens and test...
-
Article
Open AccessMultiple time scales in modeling the incidence of infections acquired in intensive care units
When patients are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) their risk of getting an infection will be highly depend on the length of stay at-risk in the ICU. In addition, risk of infection is likely to vary ov...
-
Article
Open AccessVariable performance of models for predicting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in European surgical wards
Predictive models to identify unknown methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage on admission may optimise targeted MRSA screening and efficient use of resources. However, common approaches to mo...
-
Article
Open AccessMultilevel competing risk models to evaluate the risk of nosocomial infection
Risk factor analyses for nosocomial infections (NIs) are complex. First, due to competing events for NI, the association between risk factors of NI as measured using hazard rates may not coincide with the asso...
-
Article
Open AccessLong-term survival after intensive care unit discharge in Thailand: a retrospective study
Economic evaluations of interventions in the hospital setting often rely on the estimated long-term impact on patient survival. Estimates of mortality rates and long-term outcomes among patients discharged ali...
-
Article
Open AccessAssessing the role of undetected colonization and isolation precautions in reducing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureustransmission in intensive care units
Screening and isolation are central components of hospital methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) control policies. Their prevention of patient-to-patient spread depends on minimizing undetected and u...
