-
Article
Open AccessFirst-in-Human Study of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of MHV370, a Dual Inhibitor of Toll-Like Receptors 7 and 8, in Healthy Adults
MHV370, a dual antagonist of human Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8, suppresses cytokines and interferon-stimulated genes in vitro and in vivo, and has demonstrated efficacy in murine models of lupus. This f...
-
Article
Open AccessTwo distinct immunopathological profiles in autopsy lungs of COVID-19
Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has grown to a worldwide pandemic with substantial mortality. Immune med...
-
Article
Translating nucleic acid-sensing pathways into therapies
Endosomal and cytosolic nucleic acid receptors sense microbial nucleic acids and initiate innate immune responses. However, in some circumstances their activat...
-
Article
Cessation of CCL2 inhibition accelerates breast cancer metastasis by promoting angiogenesis
In mouse models of breast cancer, anti-CCL2 therapy—thought to be potentially useful in treating cancer—is shown to accelerate the growth of lung metastases on discontinuation due to a surge of recruitment of ...
-
Article
Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis
Dietary fibers are metabolized by the gut microbiota into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and have protective effects in inflammatory bowel disease. Here Benjamin J Marsland and colleagues report that mice fed...
-
Article
If You Don’t Look, You Won’t See: Intravital Multiphoton Imaging of Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancer
A fundamental hallmark of cancer is progression to metastasis and the growth of breast cancer metastases in lung, bone, liver and/or brain causes fatal complications. Unfortunately, the cellular and biochemica...
-
Article
Subcapsular sinus macrophages prevent CNS invasion on peripheral infection with a neurotropic virus
Microorganisms that breach the body's external defences and enter the lymphatic system are liable to be captured by the lymph nodes, and recent work showed that a subset of macrophages found in the subcapsular...
-
Article
Triggering the succinate receptor GPR91 on dendritic cells enhances immunity
Succinate is a Krebs cycle intermediate. Carballido and colleagues show that succinate released by necrotic cells also functions as an 'alarmin' by activating dendritic cells that express the succinate recepto...
-
Article
Form follows function: lymphoid tissue microarchitecture in antimicrobial immune defence
Secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) are the central organizing platform for the immune system's daily 'business': co** with infectious challenges from the envir...
-
Article
Restoration of lymphoid organ integrity through the interaction of lymphoid tissue–inducer cells with stroma of the T cell zone
The generation of lymphoid microenvironments in early life depends on the interaction of lymphoid tissue–inducer cells with stromal lymphoid tissue–organizer cells. Whether this cellular interface stays operat...
-
Article
T cell sensing of antigen dose governs interactive behavior with dendritic cells and sets a threshold for T cell activation
After homing to lymph nodes, CD8+ T cells are primed by dendritic cells (DCs) in three phases. During phase one, T cells undergo brief serial contacts with DCs for several hours, whereas phase two is characterize...
-
Article
Subcapsular sinus macrophages in lymph nodes clear lymph-borne viruses and present them to antiviral B cells
Lymph nodes help clear infecting pathogens and prevent their dissemination. In the case of lymph-borne virus, this involves a particular subpopulation of macrophages that is shown to capture the viral particle...
-
Article
Signaling protein SWAP-70 is required for efficient B cell homing to lymphoid organs
The migration of B cells into secondary lymphoid organs is required for the generation of an effective immune response. Here we analyzed the involvement of SWAP-70, a Rac-interacting protein involved in actin ...
-
Article
Toll-like receptor engagement converts T-cell autoreactivity into overt autoimmune disease
Autoimmune diabetes mellitus in humans is characterized by immunological destruction of pancreatic beta islet cells. We investigated the circumstances under which CD8+ T cells specific for pancreatic beta-islet a...
-
Article
Lymphoid follicle destruction and immunosuppression after repeated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide administration
DNA containing unmethylated cytidyl guanosyl (CpG) sequences, which are underrepresented in mammalian genomes but prevalent in prokaryotes, is endocytosed by cells of the innate immune system, including macrop...
-
Article
Positioning of follicular dendritic cells within the spleen controls prion neuroinvasion
Peripheral infection is the natural route of transmission in most prion diseases1. Peripheral prion infection is followed by rapid prion replication in lymphoid organs, neuroinvasion2 and progressive neurological...
-
Article
β cells are responsible for CXCR3-mediated T-cell infiltration in insulitis
T cell–mediated loss of insulin-secreting β cells in the islets of Langerhans is the hallmark of type 1 diabetes. The molecular basis for the directed migration of autoreactive T cells leading to insulitis is ...
