33 Result(s)
within
Phei Er Saw
Biomedicine
-
Article
Open AccessMaternal exposure to nano-titanium dioxide impedes fetal development via endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the placental labyrinth in mice
Extensive production and usage of commercially available products containing TiO2 NPs have led to accumulation in the human body. The deposition of TiO2 NPs has even been detected in the human placenta, which rai...
-
Chapter
Systemic Onco-Sphere: Host Metabolic System and Cancer
It is well established that patients with altered metabolism manifesting as obesity, metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation have an increased incidence of cancer; indicating a crucial relationship between...
-
Chapter
Systemic Onco-Spheres: Viruses in Cancer
It was recently estimated that a virus infection is the central cause of more than 1,400,000 cancer cases annually, representing approximated 10% of the worldwide cancer burden. DNA viruses that have been conf...
-
Chapter
Tumor Ecosystem-Directed Therapeutic Strategies
We have finally reached the end of this book. Having a comprehensive summary of how to understand cancer as an ecosystem, how to view cancer as an ecological entity, and understanding how each component in the...
-
Chapter
Tumor Ecosystem-Mimicking Bioengineering Methods
Biomedical research has improved by leaps and bounds due to the creation of first cell line models, followed by animal models, to various bioengineering methods such as organoids and organ-on-a-chip. A success...
-
Chapter
Interactions in the Local Onco-Sphere: An Overview
Cancer thrives in the microenvironment due to co-operative crosstalks with host immune, inflammatory, stromal cells, among others. All these interactions create a pro-tumoral environment that favors cancer gro...
-
Chapter
Pre-Metastatic Niche: Communication Between Local and Distal Onco-Spheres
The pre-metastatic niche (PMN) is a complex process of the “seed and soil” compatibility. The PMN microenvironment is formed by the influence of disseminated tumor cells or tumor-derived factors on stromal and...
-
Chapter
Local Onco-Sphere: Tumor–Stroma Interaction
The stroma is a major component of tissues. In a homeostatic condition, stroma of healthy tissues regulates tissue growth, function, and reactivity to external agents by elaborating and modifying the extracell...
-
Chapter
Distal Onco-Sphere: The Origin and Overview of Cancer Metastasis
In current cancer statistics, most cancer patients died of metastasis and not of primary tumors. Therefore, metastasis could be categorized as a complex and deadly event when occurred in cancer patients. Durin...
-
Chapter
Physiological Changes in the Local Onco-Sphere: Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis plays a critical role in the growth of cancer as tumors consistently require ample blood supply, especially during their exponential growth phase. Tumors will activate angiogenesis pathways throug...
-
Chapter
Distal Onco-sphere: Cluster Metastasis
In order for cancer cells to metastasize, they need to be disseminated from the local onco-sphere. During this process, cancer cells are known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which are now circulating in the...
-
Chapter
Biochemical Changes in the Local Onco-Sphere
The biochemical local onco-sphere changes as cancer grows, especially in the metabolic pathways of cancer cells. In cancer, formation and elimination of metabolically-active substances that favors the developm...
-
Chapter
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) in Tumor Ecosystem
In cancer, cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a unique cell population that could acquire the stemness ability of a stem cell that enable them to proliferate and grow exponentially. When seen through the perspective...
-
Chapter
Systemic Oncospheres: Host Inflammation and Cancer
Inflammation is a double-edged sword in a sense that it can eradicate pathogens and encourages tissue repair under homeostatic condition. However, dysregulated inflammation, especially in the immune system, ca...
-
Chapter
Systemic Oncosphere: Host Innate Immune System
Immune system has been known as the “predator” of cancer cells. Their original function is the prey upon non-self-cells, including during infections and malignancy. Host homeostasis is regulated by a normal “p...
-
Chapter
Systemic Onco-Sphere: Host Neuronal System in Cancer
In human, the nervous system governs vital functional activities of many organs. As tumor is a systemic disease, it does not grow as an independent entity, rather, tumor growth and progression is an integral p...
-
Chapter
Systemic Onco-Sphere: Host Microbiome and Cancer
In recent years, it has been found that gut microbiota is involved in the metabolism of the host and cancer cells. Interestingly, gut microbiome and their metabolites have been demonstrated great influence on ...
-
Chapter
Visualizing and Subty** Tumor Ecosystem
A revolutionary way of classifying malignancies based on molecular markers and classification models is referred to as “molecular subty** of cancer.” This method allows us to classify cancer in a molecular l...
-
Chapter
Classification and Evolution of Tumor Ecosystem
The development of neoplasms has been documented since decades ago, and this documentation illustrates the mechanisms of acquired treatment resistance and carcinogenesis. The natural selection forces put on ne...
-
Chapter
Introduction to Tumor Ecosystem
Cancer is a systemic disease. Cancer growth and survival depends on not only the communication between tumor cells and its surrounding, they are also constantly communicating with host inflammatory, immune, en...
