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Reference Work Entry In depth
HIV-1 Pathogenesis in the Gut
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Article
Open AccessType I interferon signaling is required for the APOBEC3/Rfv3-dependent neutralizing antibody response but not innate retrovirus restriction
APOBEC3/Rfv3 restricts acute Friend retrovirus (FV) infection and promotes virus-specific neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses. Classical Rfv3 studies utilized FV stocks containing lactate-dehydrogenase eleva...
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Article
Open AccessTetherin/BST-2 promotes dendritic cell activation and function during acute retrovirus infection
Tetherin/BST-2 is a host restriction factor that inhibits retrovirus release from infected cells in vitro by tethering nascent virions to the plasma membrane. However, contradictory data exists on whether Tetheri...
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Article
Open AccessEnhancement of HIV-1 infection and intestinal CD4+ T cell depletion ex vivo by gut microbes altered during chronic HIV-1 infection
Early HIV-1 infection is characterized by high levels of HIV-1 replication and substantial CD4 T cell depletion in the intestinal mucosa, intestinal epithelial barrier breakdown, and microbial translocation. H...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
HIV-1 Pathogenesis in the Gut
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Article
Immunoglobulin VH gene diversity and somatic hypermutation during SIV infection of rhesus macaques
B cell functional defects are associated with delayed neutralizing antibody development in pathogenic lentivirus infections. However, the timeframe for alterations in the antibody repertoire and somatic hyperm...
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Article
Open AccessFriend retrovirus drives cytotoxic effectors through Toll-like receptor 3
Pathogen recognition drives host defense towards viral infections. Specific groups rather than single members of the protein family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as membrane spanning Toll-like r...
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Article
Open AccessMicrobial exposure alters HIV-1-induced mucosal CD4+ T cell death pathways Ex vivo
Early HIV-1 infection causes massive CD4+ T cell death in the gut and translocation of bacteria into the circulation. However, the programmed cell death (PCD) pathways used by HIV-1 to kill CD4+ T cells in the...
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Article
Humoral immunity in the Friend retrovirus infection model
Major conceptual roadblocks impede the development of an HIV-1 vaccine that can stimulate a potent neutralizing antibody response. Animal models that support HIV-1 replication and allow for host genetic manipu...
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Article
Open AccessNef-mediated TCR-CD3 and MHC-I down-modulation prevents CD4+ T cell depletion in natural SIV infection
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Article
Contaminated polio vaccine theory refuted
Despite strong evidence to the contrary1,2,3,4,5, speculation continues that the AIDS virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), may have crossed into humans as a result of contamination of the oral poli...
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Chapter
The Evolution of Primate Lentiviruses and the Origins of AIDS
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in 1981 (Blattner, 1991) and has become the most globally devastating of the emerging infectious diseases threatening human health in the 21st ce...