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Open AccessProceedings of the inaugural Dark Genome Symposium: November 2022
In November 2022 the first Dark Genome Symposium was held in Boston, USA. The meeting was hosted by Rome Therapeutics and Enara Bio, two biotechnology companies working on translating our growing understanding...
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Open AccessAntibodies against endogenous retroviruses promote lung cancer immunotherapy
B cells are frequently found in the margins of solid tumours as organized follicles in ectopic lymphoid organs called tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS)1,2. Although TLS have been found to correlate with improved...
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Open AccessADAR1 averts fatal type I interferon induction by ZBP1
Mutations of the ADAR1 gene encoding an RNA deaminase cause severe diseases associated with chronic activation of type I interferon (IFN) responses, including Aicardi–Goutières syndrome and bilateral striatal nec...
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Open AccessFunctional antibody and T cell immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by variants of concern, in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study
Patients with cancer have higher COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Here we present the prospective CAPTURE study, integrating longitudinal immune profiling with clinical annotation. Of 357 patients with cancer...
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Open AccessAdaptive immunity and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following vaccination in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) antiviral response in a pan-tumor immune monitoring (CAPTURE) (NCT03226886) is a prospective cohort study of COVID-19 immunity ...
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Open AccessE3 ubiquitin ligase HECTD2 mediates melanoma progression and immune evasion
The ubiquitin-proteasome system maintains protein homoeostasis, underpins the cell cycle, and is dysregulated in cancer. However, the role of individual E3 ubiquitin ligases, which mediate the final step in ub...
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Open AccessCytokine release syndrome in a patient with colorectal cancer after vaccination with BNT162b2
Patients with cancer are currently prioritized in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination programs globally, which includes administration of mRNA vaccines. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) has not been...
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Open AccessDefault polyfunctional T helper 1 response to ample signal 1 alone
CD4+ T cells integrate well-defined signals from the T-cell receptor (TCR) (signal 1) and a host of costimulatory molecules (signal 2) to initiate clonal expansion and differentiation into diverse functional T he...
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Tissue-specific and interferon-inducible expression of nonfunctional ACE2 through endogenous retroelement co-option
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an entry receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and a regulator of several physiological processes. ACE2 has recently been proposed to ...
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Author Correction: Scalable and robust SARS-CoV-2 testing in an academic center
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Scalable and robust SARS-CoV-2 testing in an academic center
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Publisher Correction: Z-nucleic-acid sensing triggers ZBP1-dependent necroptosis and inflammation
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Z-nucleic-acid sensing triggers ZBP1-dependent necroptosis and inflammation
The biological function of Z-DNA and Z-RNA, nucleic acid structures with a left-handed double helix, is poorly understood1–3. Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1; also known as DAI or DLM-1) is a nucleic acid sensor th...
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Open AccessEpigenetic therapy of myelodysplastic syndromes connects to cellular differentiation independently of endogenous retroelement derepression
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are characterised by abnormal epigenetic repression and differentiation of bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Drugs that reverse epi...
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Immune responses to endogenous retroelements: taking the bad with the good
Vertebrate genomes host a vast number of endogenous retroelements that exhibit distinct genomic structure, open reading frame integrity and replication autonom...
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Open AccessTetherin/BST-2 promotes dendritic cell activation and function during acute retrovirus infection
Tetherin/BST-2 is a host restriction factor that inhibits retrovirus release from infected cells in vitro by tethering nascent virions to the plasma membrane. However, contradictory data exists on whether Tetheri...
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Open AccessStepwise B-cell-dependent expansion of T helper clonotypes diversifies the T-cell response
Antigen receptor diversity underpins adaptive immunity by providing the ground for clonal selection of lymphocytes with the appropriate antigen reactivity. Current models attribute T cell clonal selection duri...
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Open AccessMicroarray analysis reveals global modulation of endogenous retroelement transcription by microbes
A substantial proportion of both the mouse and human genomes comprise of endogenous retroelements (REs), which include endogenous retroviruses. Over evolutionary time, REs accumulate inactivating mutations or ...
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Resurrection of endogenous retroviruses in antibody-deficient mice
Novel pathogenic infectious retroviruses, generated by recombination between replication-defective endogenous retroviruses in the absence of a functional antibody response, are identified; these recombinant re...
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Open AccessEmv2, the only endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia virus of C57BL/6J mice
With the proliferation of sequence data, great challenges are posed in the correct annotation of endogenous retroviruses, which together comprise up to ten per cent of the genomes of many organisms. It is ther...
