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Article
Gut Innate Immunity and HIV Pathogenesis
In the gastro-intestinal tract, the complex network of multiple innate cell populations play critical roles not only as a first line of defense against invading pathogens and in driving adaptive immune respons...
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Article
Open AccessReduced immune-regulatory molecule expression on human colonic memory CD4 T cells in older adults
The etiology of the low-level chronic inflammatory state associated with aging is likely multifactorial, but a number of animal and human studies have implicated a functional decline of the gastrointestinal im...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Mucosal Pathogenesis in SIV Infection
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Reference Work Entry In depth
HIV-1 Pathogenesis in the Gut
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Article
Open AccessEnhancement of HIV-1 infection and intestinal CD4+ T cell depletion ex vivo by gut microbes altered during chronic HIV-1 infection
Early HIV-1 infection is characterized by high levels of HIV-1 replication and substantial CD4 T cell depletion in the intestinal mucosa, intestinal epithelial barrier breakdown, and microbial translocation. H...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
HIV-1 Pathogenesis in the Gut
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Article
Open AccessMicrobial exposure alters HIV-1-induced mucosal CD4+ T cell death pathways Ex vivo
Early HIV-1 infection causes massive CD4+ T cell death in the gut and translocation of bacteria into the circulation. However, the programmed cell death (PCD) pathways used by HIV-1 to kill CD4+ T cells in the...
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Article
Human Dendritic Cell Interactions with Whole Recombinant Yeast: Implications for HIV-1 Vaccine Development
Defects in number and function of dendritic cells (DCs) have been observed during HIV-1 infection, so therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine approaches that target or activate DCs may improve vaccine immunogenicity. To det...
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Article
Whole recombinant yeast vaccine activates dendritic cells and elicits protective cell-mediated immunity
There is currently a need for vaccines that stimulate cell-mediated immunity—particularly that mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)—against viral and tumor antigens. The optimal induction of cell-media...
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Chapter
Identification of Conserved HIV-1-Derived Helper T Lymphocyte Epitopes Using Synthetic Peptides and High Throughput Binding Assays
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is marked by a gradual loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes and a specific loss or failure to develop functional HIV-1-specific helper T cells (HTL) in the majority ...
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Chapter
Activation of Dendritic Cells by Surrogate T Cell Interactions Leads to Enhanced Costimulation, Secretion of TH1-Associated Cytokines, and CTL Inductive Capacity
Dendritic cells (DC), as professional antigen presenting cells (APC), have the capacity to capture antigen and migrate to lymphoid organs, where antigen presentation to and priming of naive T cells takes place...
