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Reference Work Entry In depth

Cluster Technical Challenges and Scientific Achievements

The Cluster mission has been operated successfully for 14 years. As the first science mission comprising four identical spacecraft, Cluster has faced many challenges during its lifetime. Initially, during the ...

C. P. Escoubet, A. Masson, H. Laakso… in Handbook of Cosmic Hazards and Planetary D… (2015)

Living Reference Work Entry In depth

Cluster Technical Challenges and Scientific Achievements

The Cluster mission has been operated successfully for 14 years. As the first science mission comprising four identical spacecraft, Cluster has faced many challenges during its lifetime. Initially, during the ...

C. P. Escoubet, A. Masson, H. Laakso… in Handbook of Cosmic Hazards and Planetary D…

Chapter and Conference Paper

Double Star: Mission, Instruments and Joint Observations

The Chinese National Space Agency (CNSA) Double Star (DSP) spacecraft, TC-1 and TC-2 were launched in December 2003 and July 2004 into near equatorial and polar orbits respectively. During more than 3 years of...

M. W. Dunlop, C. P. Escoubet, Z.-X. Liu, C. Shen, H. Laakso… in The Cluster Active Archive (2010)

Chapter and Conference Paper

Cluster Active Archive: Overview

The four-satellite Cluster mission investigates the small-scale structures and physical processes related to interaction between the solar wind and the magnetospheric plasma. The Cluster Active Archive (CAA) (...

H. Laakso, C. Perry, S. McCaffrey, D. Herment, A. J. Allen… in The Cluster Active Archive (2010)

Chapter and Conference Paper

Electron Density Estimation in the Magnetotail: a Multi-Instrument Approach

Electron density is a key physical quantity to characterize any plasma medium. Its measurement is thus essential to understand the physical processes occurring in the environment of a magnetized planet, both m...

A. Masson, O. Santolı́k, M. G. G. T. Taylor, C. P. Escoubet… in The Cluster Active Archive (2010)

Chapter and Conference Paper

The Cluster Mission: Space Plasma in Three Dimensions

At the time of writing, Cluster is approaching 8 years of successful operation and continues to fulfill, if not exceed its scientific objectives. After a nominal mission lifetime of 2 years Cluster currently i...

M. G. G. T. Taylor, C. P. Escoubet, H. Laakso, A. Masson… in The Cluster Active Archive (2010)

Article

Surveys on magnetospheric plasmas based on the Double Star Project (DSP) exploration

The equatorial and polar satellites of the Double Star Project (DSP) were launched successfully on December 29, 2003 and July 25, 2004, respectively, and both of them are operating smoothly. The DSP provides a...

Chao Shen, Zhen**ng Liu, C. P. Escoubet… in Science in China Series E: Technological S… (2008)

Article

RPC-MIP: the Mutual Impedance Probe of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium

The main objective of the Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP), part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC), is to measure the electron density and temperature of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s coma, in particular ...

J. G. Trotignon, J. L. Michau, D. Lagoutte, M. Chabassière… in Space Science Reviews (2007)

Chapter and Conference Paper

New Particle Formation in Clean Savannah Environment

Southern African savanna background environment lacks previous, continuous long-term combined sub-micrometer aerosol number concentration and gas measurements. We have build a mobile measurement trailer, which...

Lauri Laakso, Tuukka Petäjä, H. Laakso, Pasi Aalto… in Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (2007)

Article

Cluster Observations of the CUSP: Magnetic Structure and Dynamics

This paper reviews Cluster observations of the high altitude and exterior (outer) cusp, and adjacent regions in terms of new multi-spacecraft analysis and the geometry of the surrounding boundary layers. Sever...

M. W. Dunlop, B. Lavraud, P. Cargill, M. G. G. T. Taylor… in Surveys in Geophysics (2005)

Chapter

Cluster Observations of the Cusp: Magnetic Structure and Dynamics

This paper reviews Cluster observations of the high altitude and exterior (outer) cusp, and adjacent regions in terms of new multi-spacecraft analysis and the geometry of the surrounding boundary layers. Sever...

M. W. Dunlop, B. Lavraud, P. Cargill… in The Magnetospheric Cusps: Structure and Dy… (2005)

Chapter and Conference Paper

Multi-Point Cluster Observations of VLF Risers, Fallers and Hooks at and Near the Plasmapause

The four Cluster Wideband (WBD) plasma wave receivers occasionally observe electromagnetic triggered wave emissions at and near the plasmapause. We present the remarkable cases of such observations. These trig...

J. S. Pickett, O. Santolík, S. W. Kahler… in Multiscale Processes in the Earth’s Magnet… (2004)

Chapter and Conference Paper

Cluster: New Measurements of Plasma Structures in 3D

After 2.5 years of operations, the Cluster mission is fulfilling successfully its scientific objectives. The mission, nominally for 2 years, has been extended 3 more years, up to December 2005. The main goal o...

C. P. Escoubet, H. Laakso, M. Goldstein in Multiscale Processes in the Earth’s Magnet… (2004)

Article

How does the U-shaped potential close above the acceleration region? A study using Polar data

We present a statistical study of Polar electric field observations using auroral oval passes over Scandinavia above the acceleration region. We are especially interested in seeing whether we can find large pe...

P. Janhunen, A. Olsson, F. S. Mozer, H. Laakso in Annales Geophysicae (1999)