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Open AccessAngiogenesis-associated pathways play critical roles in neonatal sepsis outcomes
Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of childhood mortality. Limited diagnostic tools and mechanistic insights have hampered our abilities to develop prophylactic or therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers in human ...
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Open AccessImplications of Non-Specific Effects for Testing, Approving, and Regulating Vaccines
The current framework for testing and regulating vaccines was established before the realization that vaccines, in addition to their effect against the vaccine-specific disease, may also have “non-specific eff...
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Open AccessRevaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is associated with an increased risk of abscess and lymphadenopathy
The reported frequency and types of adverse events following initial vaccination and revaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) varies worldwide. Using active surveillance in a randomised controlled tria...
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Open AccessA cluster randomized trial of interferon ß-1a for the reduction of transmission of SARS-Cov-2: protocol for the Containing Coronavirus Disease 19 trial (ConCorD-19)
SARS-CoV-2 infection rapidly spreads in populations due to the high rates of community transmission. Interrupting the shedding of SARS-CoV-2 may reduce the incidence of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). Herei...
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Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans
Most COVID-19 vaccines are designed to elicit immune responses, ideally neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Several vaccines, including mRNA, adenoviral-vectored, protein subu...
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The non-specific and sex-differential effects of vaccines
The textbook view of vaccination is that it functions to induce immune memory of the specific pathogen components of the vaccine, leading to a quantitatively and qualitatively better response if the host is ex...
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Open AccessDynamic molecular changes during the first week of human life follow a robust developmental trajectory
Systems biology can unravel complex biology but has not been extensively applied to human newborns, a group highly vulnerable to a wide range of diseases. We optimized methods to extract transcriptomic, proteo...
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Immunity and immunopathology in early human life
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Newborn susceptibility to infection vs. disease depends on complex in vivo interactions of host and pathogen
The burden of newborn infectious disease has long been recognized as the highest across the entire human life span. The precise underlying cause is unfortunately still far from clear. A substantial body of dat...
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Lack of broad functional differences in immunity in fully vaccinated vs. unvaccinated children
Concerns have been raised that with an increase in the number of vaccines administered early in life, immune development could be altered, leading to either increased or decreased immune reactivity.
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Harnessing the beneficial heterologous effects of vaccination
Clinical evidence, including results from randomized controlled clinical trials, strongly suggests that certain live vaccines can reduce all-cause mortality, most probably through protection against non-target...
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Attenuated innate immune defenses in very premature neonates during the neonatal period
Antimicrobial responses have been shown to be profoundly attenuated in very preterm neonates when examined on cord blood. However, we lack data on these responses at the time these neonates are most vulnerable...
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Nonspecific effects of neonatal and infant vaccination: public-health, immunological and conceptual challenges
Neonates represent a challenging group for vaccination. Effective vaccine programs will need to take into account a number of factors including gender and non-specific vaccine effects.
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Open AccessHarnessing microbiome and probiotic research in sub-Saharan Africa: recommendations from an African workshop
To augment capacity-building for microbiome and probiotic research in Africa, a workshop was held in Nairobi, Kenya, at which researchers discussed human, animal, insect, and agricultural microbiome and probio...
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Open AccessFlow cytometry data standards
Flow cytometry is a widely used analytical technique for examining microscopic particles, such as cells. The Flow Cytometry Standard (FCS) was developed in 1984 for storing flow data and it is supported by all...
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Open AccessFunctional characterization of human variants of NFKBIA: a key regulator of immune responsiveness implicated in susceptibility to infectious and inflammatory disease
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Open AccessA bacterial immune-prophylactic approach against asthma for infants and children