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Chapter
Solar Activity in the Past and Its Impacts on Climate
Solar activity is suggested to impact the climate system through the influence of total solar irradiance (TSI), solar ultraviolet (UV), and galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). This chapter reviews the variability of ...
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Article
Open AccessCorrection to: Chronic administration of palmitoleic acid reduces insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation in KK-Ay Mice with genetic type 2 diabetes
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Article
Open AccessPSTEP: project for solar–terrestrial environment prediction
Although solar activity may significantly impact the global environment and socioeconomic systems, the mechanisms for solar eruptions and the subsequent processes have not yet been fully understood. Thus, mode...
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Article
Open AccessGradual onset of the Maunder Minimum revealed by high-precision carbon-14 analyses
The Sun exhibits centennial-scale activity variations and sometimes encounters grand solar minimum when solar activity becomes extremely weak and sunspots disappear for several decades. Such an extreme weakeni...
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Article
Open AccessProlonged production of 14C during the ~660 BCE solar proton event from Japanese tree rings
Annual rings record the intensity of cosmic rays (CRs) that had entered into the Earth’s atmosphere. Several rapid 14C increases in the past, such as the 775 CE and 994CE 14C spikes, have been reported to origina...
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Article
Open AccessRelationship between the Northern Pacific Gyre Oscillation and tree-ring cellulose oxygen isotopes in northeastern Japan
The North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) significantly imprints on hydrological fluctuations of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) region, but this has not yet been observed in proxy-based hydroclimate reco...
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Article
Historical Auroras in the 990s: Evidence of Great Magnetic Storms
A significant carbon-14 enhancement has recently been found in tree rings for the year 994, suggesting an extremely strong and brief cosmic ray flux event. The origin of this particular cosmic ray event has no...
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Article
Open AccessEarliest datable records of aurora-like phenomena in the astronomical diaries from Babylonia
The astronomical diaries from Babylonia (ADB) are excellent sources of information of natural phenomena, including astronomical ones, in pre-Christ era because it contains the record of highly continuous and s...
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Article
Open AccessLong-term dietary supplementation with saury oil attenuates metabolic abnormalities in mice fed a high-fat diet: combined beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acids and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids
Pacific saury is a common dietary component in East Asia. Saury oil contains considerable levels of n-3 unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFA) with aliphatic tails l...
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Article
Open AccessCompound auroral micromorphology: ground-based high-speed imaging
Auroral microphysics still remains partly unexplored. Cutting-edge ground-based optical observations using scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) cameras recently enabled us to observe the ...
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Article
Open AccessDietary supplementation with long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids attenuates obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and increases expression of PPAR gamma in adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice
The objective of present study was to examine the effect of long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LC-MUFAs) with chain lengths longer than 18 (i.e., C20:1 and C22:1 isomers combined) on obesity-related metab...
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Article
Open AccessErratum to: ingestion of a single serving of saury alters postprandial levels ofplasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and long-chain monounsaturated fattyacids in healthy human adults
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Article
Open AccessIngestion of a single serving of saury alters postprandial levels of plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids in healthy human adults
Saury oil contains considerable amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) with long aliphatic tails (>18C atoms). Ingestion of saury oil reduces the risk of devel...
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Article
Open AccessDiet high in fat and sucrose induces rapid onset of obesity-related metabolic syndrome partly through rapid response of genes involved in lipogenesis, insulin signalling and inflammation in mice
Frequent consumption of a diet high in fat and sucrose contributes to lifestyle-related diseases. However, limited information is available regarding the short-term effects of such a diet on the onset of obesi...
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Article
Open AccessPollock oil supplementation modulates hyperlipidemia and ameliorates hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet
Hyperlipidemia associated with obesity is closely related to the development of atherosclerosis. Both n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; i.e., C20:1 and ...
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Article
Open AccessChronic administration of palmitoleic acid reduces insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation in KK-Ay Mice with genetic type 2 diabetes
Studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) on reducing muscle insulin resistance and preventing beta-cell apoptosis. However, the effect of palmitoleic acid on diabetes rem...
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Article
Dietary Saury Oil Reduces Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Diabetic KKAy Mice and in Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice by Altering Gene Expression
We investigated the effect of saury oil on the alleviation of metabolic syndrome in mice. Saury oil contains 18% (w/w/) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and 35% (w/w) monounsaturated fatty acids (MUF...
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Article
Cyclicity of Solar Activity During the Maunder Minimum Deduced from Radiocarbon Content
This paper presents the features of the “eleven-year” cycle of radiocarbon content during the period of prolonged sunspot minimum called the Maunder Minimum (1645–1715 AD). Whether or not the Sun had maintained t...
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Article
Inhibitory actions of adenosine differ between ear and mesenteric arteries in the rabbit
In isolated ear and mesenteric arteries of rabbit, adenosine inhibited nerve-mediated contractions to a similar extent. However, the amplitude of the excitatory junction potentials evoked by perivascular nerve...