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Digestion of Nitrogen in the Rumen: A Model for Metabolism of Nitrogen Compounds in Gastrointestinal Environments
After energy, nitrogen is quantitatively the most important nutritional requirement for growth of gastrointestinal tract microorganisms. In the rumen...
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Biotransformation of Bile Acids, Cholesterol, and Steroid Hormones
Steroids are a family of organic compounds that have a five-ring perhydrocyclo-pentanophenanthrene nucleus. The numbering system and skeletal...
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Gut Environment and Evolution of Mutualistic Fermentative Digestion
The gastrointestinal tract is a specialized tube divided into various well-defined anatomical regions extending from the lips to the anus. However,...
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Fermentation in Reptiles and Amphibians
As ectotherms, amphibians and reptiles do not have to support the metabolic expense of endothermy and are characterized by low rates of energy flow...
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Gastrointestinal Detoxification and Digestive Disorders in Ruminant Animals
Nutrition and toxicology are closely intertwined. Toxic substances can interfere with vital functions of the gastrointestinal tract such as...
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Digestive disorders and nutritional toxicity
The role of ruminal microbes in transforming dietary constituents into nutrients needed for growth, milk production and maintenance of animal tissues...
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Manipulation of ruminal fermentation
Ruminant animals have two metabolic systems that differ in their nutrient requirements: microbial metabolism in the rumen and mammalian metabolism in...
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Acetogenesis from Carbon Dioxide in Termite Guts
Since the isolation of Clostridium aceticum (Wieringa, 1940), the first bacterium ever shown to derive energy for growth by acetate synthesis from H2...
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Acetogenesis and the Rumen: Syntrophic Relationships
Acetate can be formed, as a major or minor product, from the fermentation of various organic substrates. It is also formed by a synthesis from CO2...
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Common Themes in Bacterial Adhesion
Research in bacterial adhesion has yielded several common themes associated with bacteria—substratum interactions. Different organisms have evolved...
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Recent Developments in Bacterial Adhesion to Animal Cells
Although at the beginning of this century it was found that bacteria interact with animal cells by causing hemagglutination of erythrocytes (Guyot,...
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Nucleic Acid Hybridization for Identification and Detection of Gram-Negative Anaerobes
Although most pathogenic Clostridia and a number of nonspore-forming anaerobes such as Bacteroides and Fusobacterium species had been discovered by...
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Study of Intestinal Colonization with Norfloxacin in Vivo and in Vitro
The deliberate release of genetically-modified microorganisms (GEMMOs) has highlighted intestinal colonization in relation to risk assessment of...
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The Genus Fusobacterium
The genus Fusobacterium includes several species of obligately anaerobic, nonsporeforming, motile or nonmotile, Gram-negative rods. Some are slender,...
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Clostridium methylpentosum sp. nov.: a ring-shaped intestinal bacterium that ferments only methylpentoses and pentoses
An intestinal bacterium isolated from a human subject utilized only two methylpentoses ( L -rhamnose and L -fucose) and two pentoses ( L -lyxose and D -arab...
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Importance of cecum inClostridium botulinum colonization of mice and relationship of organism to large bowel
Germ-free mice, tested more than two weeks after removing their cecum, were at least 10 4 times more resistant than controls to intestinal...
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The distribution of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in the bovine rumen digesta ecosystem
The location and level of activity of the principal polysaccharidases and glycoside hydrolases involved in the degradation of plant structural and...
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Microbial colonization of rat colonic mucosa following intestinal perturbation
An allochthonous population of spiral-shaped bacteria was found colonizing the surfaces of the colonic mucosa of rats after they had been given...
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Activities of Microorganisms Attached to Living Surfaces
Bacteria associated with living surfaces may or may not multiply while attached to the living substratum. Whether or not they multiply, such bacteria...
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Adherence of Normal Flora to Mucosal Surfaces
Micro-organisms of many genera and species have been found associating closely with epithelial surfaces of mucous membranes in various areas of the...