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On the Causes of Cooling and Settlement of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere
AbstractIn this paper we show that the concept of cooling and settling of the middle and upper atmosphere formulated in 1999 finds new experimental...
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The Earth’s Atmosphere
The fourth chapter is devoted to the physics of the Earth’s atmosphere and the major atmospheric phenomena. We consider the structure and chemical...
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The Perturbed Atmosphere
We have seen in the previous chapter the role of the ocean in regulating the amount of...
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Coupling and interactions across the Martian whole atmosphere system
The Martian surface environment today is cold and dry, but evidence suggests the planet may have hosted more habitable conditions in the past. Open...
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Atmosphere–Sea Interactions
In the previous chapters, we have touched in many occasions the interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean. Now it is time to talk orderly...
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Atmosphere-upper-ocean interactions during three rare cases of rapidly intensified tropical cyclones over North Indian Oceans
The present study investigates the evolution of ocean thermal parameters during the intensification of three rare cases of rapidly intensified...
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Russian Middle Atmosphere Research 2019–2022
AbstractA review of the results of Russian studies of the middle atmosphere in 2019–2022, prepared by the Commission on the Middle Atmosphere of the...
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General Circulation of the Atmosphere
TheGeneral circulationatmosphere general circulationCirculation ofGeneral circulation models the atmosphere and oceanGeneral circulationOcean is what...
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Transfer of Laser Pulses through the Atmosphere into Space in the Presence of Clouds of the Upper and Middle Tiers
AbstractMathematical models of the atmosphere have been developed for a laser wavelength of 0.532 μm, including the optical characteristics of a...
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Contribution of the Photonic Component to the Ionization of the Atmosphere by Earth Crust Radionuclides and Radioactive Emanations
AbstractWe investigate the contribution of gamma radiation of natural radionuclides constituting the Earth crust, radioactive emanations, and their...
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Gravity Waves in Free Atmosphere
Gravity wave (GW) is one of the basic waves in atmosphere, and also one of the most simple and basic mesoscale motion systems.
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15 Coupled Evolution of Earth’s Atmosphere and Biosphere
Earth’s climate has remained conducive to life for more than 3.5 billion years, probably because of higher concentrations of CO2 and CH4 greenhouse...
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Observed decreasing trend in the upper-tropospheric cloud top temperature
Obtaining the response of cloud top temperature (CTT) to global warming correctly is crucial for understanding the current and future energy budget...
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Some Applied Aspects of the Study of Trends in the Upper and Middle Atmosphere
AbstractIt is shown that that there are currently trends in the parameters of the middle and upper atmosphere and ionosphere that are already leading...
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Model Calculations of Ozone Content in the Atmosphere by Earth’s Outgoing Radiation
AbstractThe model of the atmosphere in the form of a sequence of homogeneous layers 100 m in thickness from the surface of the Earth to a height of...
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Exploring the Free Atmosphere
Travelers have long known that clouds, fog, and cold winds appear in mountainous areas. The shepherds who grazed their flocks in the high mountains...
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Development of a Method for Recovery of the Energy Spectra of Precipitating Electrons from the Data of Measurements in the Atmosphere
AbstractRegular measurements of fluxes of charged particles in the Earth’s atmosphere conducted by the Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI) made it...
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On Taking into Consideration the Upper Layers of the Atmosphere to Simulate Orographic Disturbances in the Troposphere
AbstractThis study considers the problem of upper boundary conditions with regard to simulating the phenomenon of airflow over mountains. A...
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14 Biotic Entropy Production and Global Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions
Atmospheric conditions constrain biotic activity through incoming solar radiation, temperature, and soil water availability on land. At the same time...