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Article
Comparative genomic analysis of the proteasome β5t subunit gene: implications for the origin and evolution of thymoproteasomes
The thymoproteasome is a recently discovered, specialized form of 20S proteasomes expressed exclusively in the thymic cortex. Although the precise molecular mechanism by which the thymoproteasome exerts its fu...
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Article
Open AccessElephant shark genome provides unique insights into gnathostome evolution
The emergence of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) from jawless vertebrates was accompanied by major morphological and physiological innovations, such as hinged jaws, paired fins and immunoglobulin-based adapti...
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Article
Copy number and sequence variation of leucine-rich repeat modules suggests distinct functional constraints operating on variable lymphocyte receptors expressed by agnathan T cell-like and B cell-like lymphocytes
Unlike jawed vertebrates that use T cell and B cell receptors for antigen recognition, jawless vertebrates represented by lampreys and hagfish use variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) as antigen receptors. VLRs...
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Correction: Corrigendum: Elephant shark genome provides unique insights into gnathostome evolution
Nature 505, 174–179 (2014); doi:10.1038/nature12826 The ranges of accession numbers JW861113–JW881738 and KA353634–KA353668 (20,661 in total) cited in this Article include 3,630 sequences that were unrelated a...
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Open AccessGenome-wide analysis of polymorphism × sodium interaction effect on blood pressure identifies a novel 3′-BCL11B gene desert locus
Excessive sodium intake is a global risk factor for hypertension. Sodium effects on blood pressure vary from person to person; hence, high-risk group targeting based on personal genetic information can play a ...
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Article
Open AccessALDH2 genotype modulates the association between alcohol consumption and AST/ALT ratio among middle-aged Japanese men: a genome-wide G × E interaction analysis
Liver tests (LT), especially to measure AST, ALT and GGT levels, are widely used to evaluate the risk of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). In this study, we investigated the potential genetic factors that m...
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Author Correction: Elephant shark genome provides unique insights into gnathostome evolution
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Article
The immune system of jawless vertebrates: insights into the prototype of the adaptive immune system
Jawless vertebrates diverged from an ancestor of jawed vertebrates approximately 550 million years ago. They mount adaptive immune responses to repetitive antigenic challenges, despite lacking major histocompa...
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Article
Open AccessLongitudinal DNA methylation dynamics as a practical indicator in clinical epigenetics
One of the fundamental assumptions of DNA methylation in clinical epigenetics is that DNA methylation status can change over time with or without interplay with environmental and clinical conditions. However, ...
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Article
Open AccessResistance to chemical carcinogenesis induction via a dampened inflammatory response in naked mole-rats
Naked mole-rats (NMRs) have a very low spontaneous carcinogenesis rate, which has prompted studies on the responsible mechanisms to provide clues for human cancer prevention. However, it remains unknown whethe...
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Article
Open AccessPotential DNA methylation biomarkers for the detection of clear cell renal cell carcinoma identified by a whole blood-based epigenome-wide association study
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the fourteenth most common cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 4% of all cancers. More than 70% of RCC are clear cell RCC (ccRCC). To date, no reliable biomarkers for t...
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Article
Open AccessEvaluation of short-term epigenetic age fluctuation
Considerable effort has been spent on lowering and maintaining the epigenetic age. However, the extent to which epigenetic age fluctuates under normal conditions is poorly understood. Therefore, we analyzed me...
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Article
A genome-wide association study on adherence to low-carbohydrate diets in Japanese
Low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) are useful for weight reduction, and 50–55% carbohydrate consumption is associated with minimal risk. Genetic differences were related to nutritional consumption, food preferences,...
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Article
Open AccessStroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke — the second leading cause of death worldwide — were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry1,2. Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-an...
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Open AccessPublisher Correction: Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries
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Development and validation of genome-wide polygenic risk scores for predicting breast cancer incidence in Japanese females: a population-based case-cohort study
This study aimed to develop an ancestry-specific polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for the prediction of breast cancer events in Japanese females and validate it in a longitudinal cohort study.
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Comparison of the loci associated with HbA1c and blood glucose levels identified by a genome-wide association study in the Japanese population
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are widely employed to diagnose diabetes. However, estimates of the heritability of HbA1c and glucose levels are different. Therefore, we explored HbA1c- and blood glucose-associa...
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Open AccessInvestigating the association between glycaemic traits and colorectal cancer in the Japanese population using Mendelian randomisation
Observational studies suggest that abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance contribute to colorectal cancer; however, the causal association remains unknown, particularly in Asian populations. A two-...
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Article
Open AccessEast Asian-specific and cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analyses provide mechanistic insights into peptic ulcer disease
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) refers to acid-induced injury of the digestive tract, occurring mainly in the stomach (gastric ulcer (GU)) or duodenum (duodenal ulcer (DU)). In the present study, we conducted a lar...
