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Article
Open AccessTargeted ablation of signal transducer and activator of transduction 1 alleviates inflammation by microglia/macrophages and promotes long-term recovery after ischemic stroke
Brain microglia and macrophages (Mi/MΦ) can shift to a harmful or advantageous phenotype following an ischemic stroke. Identification of key molecules that regulate the transformation of resting Mi/MΦ could ai...
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Article
Open AccessMicroglia-specific deletion of histone deacetylase 3 promotes inflammation resolution, white matter integrity, and functional recovery in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are believed to exacerbate traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on studies using pan-HDAC inhibitors. However, the HDAC isoform responsible for the detrimental effects and the cell t...
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Article
Microglial Responses to Brain Injury and Disease: Functional Diversity and New Opportunities
As an integral part of the innate immune system of the brain, resident microglia must react rapidly to the onset of brain injury and neurological disease. These dynamic cells then continue to shift their pheno...
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Article
Open AccessPublisher Correction: Rapid endothelial cytoskeletal reorganization enables early blood–brain barrier disruption and long-term ischaemic reperfusion brain injury
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Article
A Post-stroke Therapeutic Regimen with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids that Promotes White Matter Integrity and Beneficial Microglial Responses after Cerebral Ischemia
White matter injury induced by ischemic stroke elicits sensorimotor impairments, which can be further deteriorated by persistent proinflammatory responses. We previously reported that delayed and repeated trea...
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Article
Delayed Docosahexaenoic Acid Treatment Combined with Dietary Supplementation of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Promotes Long-Term Neurovascular Restoration After Ischemic Stroke
Prophylactic dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) has been shown to remarkably ameliorate ischemic brain injury. However, the therapeutic efficacy of n-3 PUFA administration post-s...
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Article
Translational Stroke Research on Blood-Brain Barrier Damage: Challenges, Perspectives, and Goals
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Article
Open AccessRapid endothelial cytoskeletal reorganization enables early blood–brain barrier disruption and long-term ischaemic reperfusion brain injury
The mechanism and long-term consequences of early blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption after cerebral ischaemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury are poorly understood. Here we discover that I/R induces subtle BBB leak...
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Chapter
Microglia: A Double-Sided Sword in Stroke
Microglia are the residential immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). They serve as the first line of defense against CNS injuries such as ischemic stroke. Microglia express a wide range of surface r...
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Article
Open AccessCART treatment improves memory and synaptic structure in APP/PS1 mice
Major characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in the brain, loss of synapses and cognitive dysfunction. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) has r...
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Article
Open AccessGalectin-1-secreting neural stem cells elicit long-term neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury
Galectin-1 (gal-1), a special lectin with high affinity to β-galactosides, is implicated in protection against ischemic brain injury. The present study investigated transplantation of gal-1-secreting neural st...
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Article
Microglial and macrophage polarization—new prospects for brain repair
After brain injuries, microglia and macrophages can aid or hinder tissue repair depending on polarization toward specific cell phenotypes. This Perspectives article describes the phenotypic dynamics and differ...
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Chapter
Ion Transporters in Microglial Function: New Therapeutic Targets for Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke?
Microglia are the macrophage immune cells in the CNS and monitor extracellular microenvironment in healthy brains. They can be rapidly activated under pathological conditions and move to a lesion site followin...
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Chapter
The Role of Na+/H+ Exchanger Isoform 1 in Inflammatory Responses: Maintaining H+ Homeostasis of Immune Cells
The Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) are a family of membrane transporter proteins which catalyze the electroneutral exchange of one Na+ for one H+ and thus regulate intracellular pH (pHi) and cell volume. It is shown th...
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Protocol
Neurobehavioral Assessments of Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Sensorimotor Deficit
Stroke induces long-term sensorimotor deficits that severely compromise the daily activity of patients. Experimental focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) models in rodents can exhibit certain aspects of clinical defi...
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Protocol
Neurobehavioral Assessments of Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Cognitive Deficit
Focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) is a commonly used model for ischemic stroke. It induces rapid neuronal death in the ischemic core and causes a wide range of brain injury which affects cerebral cortex, striatum,...
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Chapter
Na+/H+ Exchangers as Therapeutic Targets for Cerebral Ischemia
The Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE) are a family of membrane transporters that catalyzes the exchange of intracellular H+ with extracellular Na+ and plays a role in regulating intracellular pH and cell volume. Following ...
