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Article
Open AccessASK1-K716R reduces neuroinflammation and white matter injury via preserving blood–brain barrier integrity after traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant worldwide public health concern that necessitates attention. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a key player in various central nervous system (CNS) dise...
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Article
Open AccessThe Key Drivers of Brain Injury by Systemic Inflammatory Responses after Sepsis: Microglia and Neuroinflammation
Sepsis is a leading cause of intensive care unit admission and death worldwide. Most surviving patients show acute or chronic mental disorders, which are known as sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Althou...
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Article
Open AccessConditional knockout of ASK1 in microglia/macrophages attenuates epileptic seizures and long-term neurobehavioural comorbidities by modulating the inflammatory responses of microglia/macrophages
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) not only causes neuronal programmed cell death via the mitochondrial pathway but also is an essential component of the signalling cascade during microglial activatio...
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Article
Open AccessThe role of microglial/macrophagic salt-inducible kinase 3 on normal and excessive phagocytosis after transient focal cerebral ischemia
Previous studies suggested that anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophages (Mi/MΦ) play a role in “normal phagocytosis,” which promoted the rapid clearance of necrotic substances and apoptotic cells. More recentl...
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Article
Open AccessIntranasal Salvinorin A Improves Long-term Neurological Function via Immunomodulation in a Mouse Ischemic Stroke Model
Salvinorin A (SA), a highly selective kappa opioid receptor agonist, has been shown to reduce brain infarct volume and improve neurological function after ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms ha...
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Article
Open AccessInterleukin 13 promotes long-term recovery after ischemic stroke by inhibiting the activation of STAT3
Microglia/macrophages are activated after cerebral ischemic stroke and can contribute to either brain injury or recovery by polarizing microglia/macrophage into distinctive functional phenotypes with pro- or a...
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Article
Open AccessIrisin ameliorates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis through integrin αVβ5/AMPK signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the development of secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Irisin is a newly identified myokine that confers strong neuroprotective effects in expe...
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Article
Open AccessCordycepin confers long-term neuroprotection via inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury
The secondary injury caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially white matter injury (WMI), is highly sensitive to neuroinflammation, which further leads to unfavored long-term outcomes. Although the cr...
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Article
Open AccessFast free-of-acrylamide clearing tissue (FACT)—an optimized new protocol for rapid, high-resolution imaging of three-dimensional brain tissue
Fast Free-of-Acrylamide Clearing Tissue (FACT) is a new sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-based clearing protocol for the chemical clearing and imaging of brain tissue containing transgenic or immunolabeled fluores...
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Article
DRα1-MOG-35-55 Reduces Permanent Ischemic Brain Injury
Stroke induces a catastrophic immune response that involves the global activation of peripheral leukocytes, especially T cells. The human leukocyte antigen-DRα1 domain linked to MOG-35-55 peptide (DRα1-MOG-35-...
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Article
Severity-Dependent Long-Term Spatial Learning-Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in young adults. Long-term mental disability often occurs in patients suffering moderate and severe TBI while not as frequent in the victim...
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Article
A Post-stroke Therapeutic Regimen with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids that Promotes White Matter Integrity and Beneficial Microglial Responses after Cerebral Ischemia
White matter injury induced by ischemic stroke elicits sensorimotor impairments, which can be further deteriorated by persistent proinflammatory responses. We previously reported that delayed and repeated trea...
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Article
Delayed Docosahexaenoic Acid Treatment Combined with Dietary Supplementation of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Promotes Long-Term Neurovascular Restoration After Ischemic Stroke
Prophylactic dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) has been shown to remarkably ameliorate ischemic brain injury. However, the therapeutic efficacy of n-3 PUFA administration post-s...
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Chapter
Sevoflurane Preconditioning Confers Neuroprotection via Anti-apoptosis Effects
Neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia afforded by volatile anesthetic preconditioning (APC) has been demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro, yet the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We previously re...
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Chapter
Microglia: A Double-Sided Sword in Stroke
Microglia are the residential immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). They serve as the first line of defense against CNS injuries such as ischemic stroke. Microglia express a wide range of surface r...
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Article
Microglial and macrophage polarization—new prospects for brain repair
After brain injuries, microglia and macrophages can aid or hinder tissue repair depending on polarization toward specific cell phenotypes. This Perspectives article describes the phenotypic dynamics and differ...
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Article
Scriptaid, a Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Protects Against Traumatic Brain Injury via Modulation of PTEN and AKT Pathway
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of motor and cognitive deficits in young adults for which there is no effective therapy. The present study characterizes the protective effect of a new histone d...
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Protocol
Assessment of Angiogenesis in Models of Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Angiogenesis could be interpreted as a natural defense mechanism, hel** to restore oxygen and nutrient supplies to the affected brain tissue. It has been demonstrated that angiogenesis is involved in functio...
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Article
Genetic variants in ADIPOQ gene and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a case–control study of Chinese Han population
This study was to evaluate the association between ADIPOQ gene variants and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). TaqMan® assay was performed to test the genotypes in T2DM patients (n = 1,105) and normal control subje...
