The Middle Ear
Science, Otosurgery, and Technology
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Open AccessCochlear motion across the reticular lamina implies that it is not a stiff plate
Within the cochlea, the basilar membrane (BM) is coupled to the reticular lamina (RL) through three rows of piezo-like outer hair cells (OHCs) and supporting cells that endow mammals with sensitive hearing. An...
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Cochlear Fluid Spaces and Structures of the Gerbil High-Frequency Region Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Since it has been difficult to directly observe the morphology of the living cochlea, our ability to infer the mechanical functioning of the living ear has been limited. Nearly all our knowledge about cochlear...
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Open AccessComparative study of efficiency and characteristics of FMT and DRT installed in human cadavers for round-window stimulation
Acoustic hearing aids generate amplified sound in the ear canal, and they are the standard of care for patients with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. However, because of their limited frequency ban...
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Open AccessIn situ motions of individual inner-hair-cell stereocilia from stapes stimulation in adult mice
In vertebrate hearing organs, mechanical vibrations are converted to ionic currents through mechanoelectrical-transduction (MET) channels. Concerted stereocilia motion produces an ensemble MET current driving ...
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Vibrational Communication in Elephants: A Case for Bone Conduction
We present new physiological data on bone conduction hearing from cadaveric temporal bone ears of an elephant. We discuss the results in the context of the elephant’s ability to detect and interpret ground-bor...
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Open AccessUnraveling the mystery of hearing in gerbil and other rodents with an arch-beam model of the basilar membrane
The mammalian basilar membrane (BM) consists of two collagen-fiber layers responsible for the frequency-to-place tonotopic map** in the cochlea, which together form a flat beam over at least part of the BM w...
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Open AccessCochlear Outer-Hair-Cell Power Generation and Viscous Fluid Loss
Since the discovery of otoacoustic emissions and outer hair cell (OHC) motility, the fundamental question of whether the cochlea produces mechanical power remains controversial. In the present work, direct cal...
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Cytoarchitecture of the Mouse Organ of Corti from Base to Apex, Determined Using In Situ Two-Photon Imaging
The cells in the organ of Corti are highly organized, with a precise 3D microstructure hypothesized to be important for cochlear function. Here we provide quantitative data on the mouse organ of Corti cytoarch...
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The Middle Ear: Science and Applications
The topics covered in this volume range from the evolution and development of the middle ear to the various ways in which researchers and engineers continue to expand their understanding of middle ear structur...
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Middle Ear Hearing Devices
Several decades ago the field of ophthalmology began to provide patients with options other than eyeglasses. Now the treatment of hearing loss is beginning to enter such an era, as novel and differentiated mid...
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Biophysical Mechanisms Underlying Outer Hair Cell Loss Associated with a Shortened Tectorial Membrane
The tectorial membrane (TM) connects to the stereociliary bundles of outer hair cells (OHCs). Humans with an autosomal dominant C1509G mutation in alpha-tectorin, a protein constituent of the TM, are born with...
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Inertial Bone Conduction: Symmetric and Anti-Symmetric Components
Of the two pathways through which we hear, air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC), the fundamental mechanisms of the BC pathway remain poorly understood, despite their clinical significance. A finite ele...
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Soft Tissue Morphometry of the Malleus–Incus Complex from Micro-CT Imaging
The malleus–incus complex (MIC) is unique to mammalian hearing. To develop a comprehensive biomechanical MIC model for the human middle ear, measurements regarding its anatomical features are a necessity. Micr...
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Ultraminiature encapsulated accelerometers as a fully implantable sensor for implantable hearing aids
Experiments were conducted to evaluate a silicon accelerometer as an implantable sound sensor for implantable hearing aids. The main motivation of this study is to find an alternative sound sensor that is impl...
