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Article
Basic urban services fail to neutralise environmental determinants of ‘rattiness’, a composite metric of rat abundance
Globally, low-income urban communities suffer from poor provision of services and degraded environments, favouring opportunistic zoonotic reservoirs, such as rats. Large-scale infrastructural improvements in t...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Longitudinal Data Analysis
In this chapter, we describe statistical methods for analyzing data from longitudinal studies in which the response from each individual is a sequence of repeated measurements on an outcome variable of scienti...
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Article
Open AccessDynamics of a national Omicron SARS-CoV-2 epidemic during January 2022 in England
Rapid transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has led to record-breaking case incidence rates around the world. Since May 2020, the REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 (REACT-1) study track...
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Article
Open AccessPopulation dynamics of synanthropic rodents after a chemical and infrastructural intervention in an urban low-income community
Synanthropic rodents are ubiquitous in low-income communities and pose risks for human health, as they are generally resistant to control programs. However, few or no studies have evaluated the long-term effec...
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Article
Open AccessPopulation antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination in 212,102 individuals
Population antibody surveillance helps track immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations at scale, and identify host factors that may affect antibody production. We analyse data from 212,102 vaccinated individua...
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Article
Open AccessImproving local prevalence estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infections using a causal debiasing framework
Global and national surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology is mostly based on targeted schemes focused on testing individuals with symptoms. These tested groups are often unrepresentative of the wider populat...
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Article
Open AccessLongitudinal change in c-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 and outcomes in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease
Fibroblast growth factor23 (FGF23) is elevated in CKD and has been associated with outcomes such as death, cardiovascular (CV) events and progression to Renal Replacement therapy (RRT). The majority of studies...
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Article
Open AccessThe effect of community-driven larval source management and house improvement on malaria transmission when added to the standard malaria control strategies in Malawi: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Current standard interventions are not universally sufficient for malaria elimination. The effects of community-based house improvement (HI) and larval source management (LSM) as supplementary interventions to...
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Article
Open AccessCorrection to: Do pain, anxiety and depression influence quality of life for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease? A national study reconciling previous conflicting literature
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Oliver Hanemann name was incorrect in the in the acknowledgements section of this paper.
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Article
Open AccessDo pain, anxiety and depression influence quality of life for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease? A national study reconciling previous conflicting literature
The importance of elucidating the relationships between pain, mood and quality of life (QoL) amongst people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease is evident to clinicians, yet the literature ...
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Article
Open AccessChildhood malaria case incidence in Malawi between 2004 and 2017: spatio-temporal modelling of climate and non-climate factors
Malaria transmission is influenced by a complex interplay of factors including climate, socio-economic, environmental factors and interventions. Malaria control efforts across Africa have shown a mixed impact....
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Article
Open AccessApathy as a behavioural marker of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal analysis
Understanding the longitudinal course of non-motor symptoms, and finding markers to predict cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease (PD), are priorities. Previous work has demonstrated that apathy is one of t...
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Article
Open AccessMap** species richness using opportunistic samples: a case study on ground-floor bryophyte species richness in the Belgian province of Limburg
In species richness studies, citizen-science surveys where participants make individual decisions regarding sampling strategies provide a cost-effective approach to collect a large amount of data. However, it ...
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Article
Open AccessA real-time spatio-temporal syndromic surveillance system with application to small companion animals
Lack of disease surveillance in small companion animals worldwide has contributed to a deficit in our ability to detect and respond to outbreaks. In this paper we describe the first real-time syndromic surveil...
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Article
Open AccessA Haemophilus sp. dominates the microbiota of sputum from UK adults with non-severe community acquired pneumonia and chronic lung disease
The demographics and comorbidities of patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) vary enormously but stratified treatment is difficult because aetiological studies have failed to comprehensively identify...
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Article
Bluetongue risk under future climates
There is concern that climate change will lead to expansion of vector-borne diseases as, of all disease types, they are the most sensitive to climate drivers1. Such expansion may threaten human health, and food s...
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Article
Open AccessClimate, human behaviour or environment: individual-based modelling of Campylobacter seasonality and strategies to reduce disease burden
With over 800 million cases globally, campylobacteriosis is a major cause of food borne disease. In temperate climates incidence is highly seasonal but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, making h...
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Article
Open AccessSpatial statistical modelling of capillary non-perfusion in the retina
Manual grading of lesions in retinal images is relevant to clinical management and clinical trials, but it is time-consuming and expensive. Furthermore, it collects only limited information - such as lesion si...
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Article
Open AccessAssessment of the effect of larval source management and house improvement on malaria transmission when added to standard malaria control strategies in southern Malawi: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Due to outdoor and residual transmission and insecticide resistance, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) will be insufficient as stand-alone malaria vector control interve...
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Article
Open AccessImpact of metric and sample size on determining malaria hotspot boundaries
The spatial heterogeneity of malaria suggests that interventions may be targeted for maximum impact. It is unclear to what extent different metrics lead to consistent delineation of hotspot boundaries. Using d...
