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Article
Influence of oxygen pressure on the ferroelectric properties of BiFeO3 thin films on LaNiO3/Si substrates via laser ablation
BiFeO3(BFO) thin films of about 200 nm in thickness have been successfully grown on oxide bottom electrode, LaNiO3(LNO), via pulsed laser ablation. X-ray diffraction spectrum of the as-deposited BFO film reveals ...
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Article
Highly (100) oriented Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/LaNiO3 films grown on amorphous substrates by pulsed laser deposition
Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT)/LaNiO3 (LNO) thin films with highly (100) out of plane orientation were produced on SiO2/Si(100) and alkaline earth aluminosilicate glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Orie...
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Article
Pulsed laser deposition of lead-zirconate-titanate thin films and multilayered heterostructures
There is an increasing interest in lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) based ferroelectric thin film and devices in recent years. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique has been demonstrated to be a versatile and s...
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Article
A proposed specimen for KIIC testing
Unlike mode I, mode II fracture toughness (KIIC) testing is still some way from standardization. In the present study, a specimen is proposed for KIIC testing. The specimen is an adaptation of Richard's (1981) sp...
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Article
Synthesis mechanism of an Al-Ti-C grain refiner master alloy prepared by a new method
The mechanisms of in-situ synthesis of an Al-Ti-C grain-refiner master alloy, prepared by adding a powder mixture of potassium titanium fluoride and carbon into an aluminum melt, have been systematically studied....
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Article
Grain growth and recrystallization of nanocrystalline Al3Ti prepared by mechanical alloying
The grain sizes and lattice strains during mechanical alloying of Ti-75 at.% Al powder mixtures were studied using X-ray diffraction methods. Nanocrystalline L12-Al3Ti was obtained after a certain time period of ...
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Book
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Chapter
Digital Images of Microstructures
There are many types of LOM including those using reflected light and those employing transmitted light. In this book, only the metallurgical microscope based on the principle of reflected light will be addres...
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Chapter
Fundamental Statistics
According to the value of fractal dimension, the basic elements of material microstructures can be divided into two classes: regular objects (whose fractal dimensions are integer) and irregular objects (whose ...
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Chapter
Fractal Measurements of Projection Microstructures
The main task of the fractal measurements is to determine the fractal dimension. Usually, a physical object is fractal only within a limited range of scales. The scaling range, often characterized by a length,...
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Chapter
Irregularity of Graphite Nodules
The first seven chapters of this monograph “set the scene” for the applications of fractal analysis in the quantification of the microstructures from materials. The remaining chapters (8 to 11) are written in ...
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Chapter
Introduction
Microstructures of materials refer to a set of basic elements such as the arrangement of atoms or molecules, dislocations, grains, particles, surfaces, boundaries, etc. These basic elements may be made to appe...
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Chapter
Fractal Growth of Graphite Nodules
Researches on the growth of graphite nodules in malleable iron have currently been based on the assumption that graphite nodules are spherical et al. 1954; Owen et al., 1956; Birchenall et al., 1956; Burke, 1959 ...
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Chapter
Fractal-based Study of Magnetic Thin Films
AFM and MFM (Mamin et al., 1989) have been extensively used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of surface morphologies and magnetic microstructures of magnetic media. Quantitative analysis provides im...
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Chapter
Fractal-based Study of Fracture Surfaces
Fracture is one of the most intriguing processes in material science and engineering as it is associated with the life and safety of engineering components. The mechanisms leading to fracture are very complex ...
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Chapter
Image Processing
Image processing involves operations in the collection of information from signal processing of the 2D projections of a 3D scene. The image operations are defined as necessary changes of images so that quantit...
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Chapter
Fractal Fundamentals
“How long is the coast of Britain?” Mandelbrot (1982), establishing the great work of THE FRACTAL GEOMETRY OF NATURE, asked this interesting question. His answer was that its length is uncertain but depends on...
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Chapter
Fractal Measurements of Topographical Images from 3D Surfaces
Surfaces play an important role in many physical processes of materials. 3D information is related to the surfaces involved in scientific and engineering problems such as the growth front of thin films, interf...
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Article
Synthesis and Characterization of a Free-Standing, One-Dimensional, Al-Cu/SiC-Based Functionally Graded Material
In this research paper the synthesis of aluminum-copper/silicon carbide–based (Al-Cu/SiC) functionally gradient material using the innovative technique of gradient slurry disintegration and deposition is prese...
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Article
The mechanical alloying of titanium aluminides
This article reviews the mechanical alloying of titanium aluminides carried out in the past decades. Research has proven that mechanical alloying is an efficient means to synthesize nano-structured and non-equ...
