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Article
Open AccessThe C-terminal region of the Plasmodium berghei gamete surface 184-kDa protein Pb184 contributes to fertilization and male gamete binding to the residual body
Malaria, a global health concern, is caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus, which undergo gametogenesis in the midgut of mosquitoes after ingestion of an infected blood meal. The resulting male and female g...
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Article
Open AccessFar-East Asian Toxoplasma isolates share ancestry with North and South/Central American recombinant lineages
Toxoplasma gondii is a global protozoan pathogen. Clonal lineages predominate in Europe, North America, Africa, and China, whereas highly recombinant parasites are endemic in South/Central America. Far East Asian...
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Article
Methylobacterium sp. isolated from the midgut of Anopheles stephensi inhibits egg maturation in host ovary
The gut bacteria of insects are associated with digestion, nutrition, and reproduction. The midgut bacteria of Anopheles mosquitoes have been examined predominantly for their effects on the transmission of Plasmo...
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Article
Open AccessInvestigation of vertical and horizontal transmission of Spiroplasma in ticks under laboratory conditions
Many arthropods harbour bacterial symbionts, which are maintained by vertical and/or horizontal transmission. Spiroplasma is one of the most well-known symbionts of ticks and other arthropods. It is still unclear...
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Article
Open AccessPlasmodium berghei Brca2 is required for normal development and differentiation in mice and mosquitoes
Malaria is a major global parasitic disease caused by species of the genus Plasmodium. Zygotes of Plasmodium spp. undergo meiosis and develop into tetraploid ookinetes, which differentiate into oocysts that under...
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Protocol
Host Immunization with Recombinant Tick Antigen and Evaluation of Host Immune Response
Ticks are classified as hematophagous arthropods and transfer a variety of pathogens—such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoans—to vertebrate hosts during blood feeding. These transmitted pathogens cause infect...
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Article
Open AccessRole of Plasmodium berghei ookinete surface and oocyst capsule protein, a novel oocyst capsule-associated protein, in ookinete motility
Plasmodium sp., which causes malaria, must first develop in mosquitoes before being transmitted. Upon ingesting infected blood, gametes form in the mosquito lumen, followed by fertilization and differentiation of...
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Article
Open AccessCharacterization of an iron-inducible Haemaphysalis longicornis tick-derived promoter in an Ixodes scapularis-derived tick cell line (ISE6)
Ticks are important vectors of disease-causing pathogens. With the rise of resistance to chemical acaricides, alternative methods in tick control are warranted. Gene manipulation has been successful in control...
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Article
Open AccessInduction of intracellular ferritin expression in embryo-derived Ixodes scapularis cell line (ISE6)
Iron is a very important nutrient for cells; however, it could also cause fatal effects because of its capability to trigger oxidative stress. Due to high exposure to iron from their blood diet, ticks make use...
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Article
Open AccessGlutathione S-transferases play a role in the detoxification of flumethrin and chlorpyrifos in Haemaphysalis longicornis
Haemaphysalis longicornis is a tick of importance to health, as it serves as a vector of several pathogens, including Theileria orientalis, Babesia ovata, Rickettsia japonica and the severe fever with thrombocyto...
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Article
The multiple roles of peroxiredoxins in tick blood feeding
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radicals (HO·) are generated through partial reduction of oxygen. The HO· are the most reactive and have a shorter half-life than H2O2, they are produced from comparatively s...
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Article
Open AccessVector competence of Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks for a Japanese isolate of the Thogoto virus
Thogoto virus (THOV), a tick-borne arbovirus not previously reported in East Asia, was recently isolated from Haemaphysalis longicornis in Kyoto, Japan. In this study, we investigated the vector competence of H. ...
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Article
Open AccessCharacterization and expression analysis of a newly identified glutathione S-transferase of the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis during blood-feeding
Ticks are obligate hematophagous parasites important economically and to health. Ticks consume large amounts of blood for their survival and reproduction; however, large amounts of iron in blood could lead to ...
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Article
Evaluation of vaccine potential of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis
Ticks require blood feeding on vertebrate animals throughout their life cycle, and also concentrate the iron-containing blood, resulting in a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). High concentrations of...
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Article
Open Access2-Cys peroxiredoxin is required in successful blood-feeding, reproduction, and antioxidant response in the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis
Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods that feed on vertebrate blood that contains iron. Ticks also concentrate host blood with iron; this concentration of the blood leads to high levels of iron in ticks....
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Article
Open AccessVirucidal activity of Haemaphysalis longicornis longicin P4 peptide against tick-borne encephalitis virus surrogate Langat virus
Longicin is a defensin-like peptide, identified from the midgut epithelium of hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. Several studies have already shown the antimicrobial and parasiticidal activities of longicin pep...
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Article
Identification of the Babesia-responsive leucine-rich repeat domain-containing protein from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis
Haemaphysalis longicornis is a tick known for transmitting Babesia parasites, including Babesia gibsoni, in East Asian countries. The vector tick must have strategies to control Babesia parasites...
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Article
Open AccessEvaluation and comparison of the potential of two ferritins as anti-tick vaccines against Haemaphysalis longicornis
Tick control is an essential aspect of controlling the spread of tick-borne diseases affecting humans and animals, but it presently faces several challenges. Development of an anti-tick vaccine is aimed at des...
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Article
Inhibitory effect of cyclophilin A from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis on the growth of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina
Haemaphysalis longicornis is known as one of the most important ticks transmitting Babesia parasites in East Asian countries, including Babesia ovata and Babesia gibsoni, as well as Theileria par...
