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Article
Open AccessNUDT2 initiates viral RNA degradation by removal of 5′-phosphates
While viral replication processes are largely understood, comparably little is known on cellular mechanisms degrading viral RNA. Some viral RNAs bear a 5′-triphosphate (PPP-) group that impairs degradation by ...
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Article
Sequence-specific activation of the DNA sensor cGAS by Y-form DNA structures as found in primary HIV-1 cDNA
Truncated reverse transcription of HIV RNA produces a single-stranded DNA intermediate with a unique Y-DNA stem-loop structure flanked by unpaired guanines. Schlee and colleagues show this Y-DNA activates cGAS...
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Article
Antiviral immunity via RIG-I-mediated recognition of RNA bearing 5′-diphosphates
The innate immune receptor RIG-I is shown to sense 5′-diphosphate RNAs as found in some viral genomes in addition to its well characterized activation by RNAs bearing 5′-triphosphate moieties.
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Article
cGAS produces a 2′-5′-linked cyclic dinucleotide second messenger that activates STING
Cytosolic DNA induces type I interferon via activation of STING; the immediate STING activator is produced by the recently identified DNA sensor cGAS and is shown here to be an unorthodox cyclic dinucleotide h...
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Article
Structural and functional insights into 5′-ppp RNA pattern recognition by the innate immune receptor RIG-I
The innate immune system relies on a series of specific receptors that recognize RNAs that might come from viruses. The structure of the C terminal domain of one such receptor, RIG-I, in complex with 5'ppp-dsR...
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Article
miRNA in situ hybridization in formaldehyde and EDC–fixed tissues
Conventional in situ hybridization protocols lead to loss of microRNAs, which diffuse out of the formaldehyde-fixed sample owing to their small size. Adding a carbodiimide that stably links the microRNA with the ...
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Protocol
In Vivo Knockout of a Tissue-Specific Gene by Synthetic Ribozymes
The enzymatic activity of RNA molecules has been a source of surprises ever since 1981 when Cech discovered this new aspect of RNA function (1,2). Its role as messenger and structural component in the translation...
