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  1. No Access

    Chapter

    Infection

    Infection is caused by pathogens outside of our bodies or by usual inhabitants within our bodies. It can be defined as the phenomenon that pathogens such as microbes, viruses, etc. enter organisms and grow the...

    Hideyuki Kanematsu, Dana Barry in Studies to Combat COVID-19 using Science and Engineering (2022)

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    Chapter

    Viral Behaviors on Materials and the International Standard Between Materials and Microbial/Viral Environments

    In this chapter, we surveyed the differences of viral behaviors inside and outside of our bodies. Then, we introduced an international standard to evaluate the viral activity on various materials. This evaluat...

    Hideyuki Kanematsu, Dana Barry in Studies to Combat COVID-19 using Science and Engineering (2022)

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    Chapter

    Surveillance of Wastewater forCOVID-19

    This chapter starts by introducing the topic of wastewater (water that requires cleaning after it is used). It mentions water pollutants and various types of wastewater (sewage) like domestic and industrial se...

    Dana Barry, Hideyuki Kanematsu in Studies to Combat COVID-19 using Science and Engineering (2022)

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    Chapter

    General Information About Viruses

    This chapter includes background information about viruses. It starts by describing a virus as an infectious agent that is submicroscopic and replicates inside the living cells of an organism. These organisms ...

    Dana Barry, Paul McGrath in Studies to Combat COVID-19 using Science and Engineering (2022)

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    Chapter

    Infection and Materials: The Role of Materials’ Surfaces as Interfaces Between Materialsandthe Microbial/Virus Environments

    This chapter deals with virions and materials. (A virion is an infective form of a virus outside of a host cell). The chapter clarifies the way virions infect humans (or organisms) and the factors that affect ...

    Hideyuki Kanematsu, Dana Barry in Studies to Combat COVID-19 using Science and Engineering (2022)

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    Chapter

    Antiviral Drugs, Antibodies, and Vaccines for COVID-19

    This chapter starts by introducing COVID-19 and its variants. Then it gives brief descriptions of the human immune system and COVID-19 testing methods for antigens and antibodies. Information is also provided ...

    Dana Barry, Hideyuki Kanematsu in Studies to Combat COVID-19 using Science and Engineering (2022)