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Protocol
T Cell Subsets and Immune Homeostasis
T cells are a heterogeneous group of cells that can be classified into different subtypes according to different classification methods. The body’s immune system has a highly complex and effective regulatory n...
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Protocol
Isolation and Identification of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Protein Biomarkers
(EVs) have emerged as a valuable source for disease and an alternative drug delivery system due to their ability to carry cargo and target specific cells. Proper isolation, identification, and analytical st...
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The Value of Cell-Free Circulating DNA Profiling in Patients with Skin Diseases
Liquid biopsy, also known as fluid biopsy or fluid-phase biopsy, is the sampling and analysis of the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, pleural fluid, ascites, and urine. Compared with tissue biopsy, liquid b...
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Protocol
The Interactome of Protein, DNA, and RNA
Proteins participate in many processes of the organism and are very important for maintaining the health of the organism. However, proteins cannot function independently in the body. They must interact with pr...
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Protocol
Charge Sensitive Optical Detection for Measurement of Small-Molecule Binding Kinetics
Charge sensitive optical detection (CSOD) technique is a label-free method for real-time measurement of molecular interactions. Traditional label-free optical detection techniques mostly measure the mass of a ...
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Protocol
In Vitro Differentiation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages from Monocyte Precursors with Modified Melanoma-Conditioned Medium
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of most important components of the tumor microenvironment. Although many assays have been developed to differentiate monocytes into macrophages (Mϕ) for studying th...
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Protocol
Generation and Characterization of Mouse Models for Skeletal Disease
Our laboratories have used genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) to assess genetic contributions to skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Studies on the genetic contributions to OA a...
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Protocol
Precise Drug Sequential Therapy Can Improve the Cardioversion Rate of Atrial Fibrillation with Valvular Disease after Radiofrequency Ablation
Objective: Based on pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF), investigate the effects of precision drugs continuous therapy on AF cardioversion rate after radiofrequency catheter ablation. Methods: We included 13...
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Single-Stranded DNA Aptamers Against TNF and Their Potential Applications
Aptamers are short, single-stranded RNA or DNA sequences, which can bind to protein ligands with high affinity and specificity. Applications of aptamers are broad, ranging from drugs and drug delivery vehicles...
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Protocol
Orthotopic Xenograft Mouse Model in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Orthotopic xenograft model recapitulates the faithful organ-specific microenvironment and facilitates analyses involving tumor-stromal interactions that are crucial for develo** new-generation cancer therapy...
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Protocol
Applications of Network Analysis in Biomedicine
The abundance of high-throughput data and technical refinements in graph theories have allowed network analysis to become an effective approach for various medical fields. This chapter introduces co-expression...
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Protocol
Detection and Quantification of Pseudouridine in RNA
Pseudouridylation is the most abundant of all RNA modifications. Pseudouridylation is dynamic and widespread among many different types of RNAs in living organisms, thus drawing a lot of recent interest from t...
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Protocol
Preparation of Responsive Carbon Dots for Anticancer Drug Delivery
Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively utilized as responsive drug nanocarriers to deliver anticancer agents, owing to their facile preparation, excellent water solubility, good photostability, an...
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Protocol
Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes Isolation, Culture, and Determination of MicroRNAs’ Effects in Proliferation
Cardiomyocytes loss is a major contributor for many cardiovascular diseases including heart failure and myocardial infarction. Although extremely limited, adult cardiomyocytes are able to proliferate. Understa...
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Protocol
In Vivo Loose-Patch-Juxtacellular Labeling of Cerebellar Neurons in Mice
Extracellular recording techniques provide a critical means for measuring neuronal function in vivo. For many experiments, metal electrodes yield spike data that is clean enough for resolving spike waveforms t...
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Protocol
Protein Arrays II: Antigen Arrays
Antigen arrays are fabricated using various antigens such as DNA, histones, synthetic peptides, recombinant proteins, or cell extracts to detect autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases, alloantibodies in transpl...
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Bacteriophage T4 as a Nanoparticle Platform to Display and Deliver Pathogen Antigens: Construction of an Effective Anthrax Vaccine
Protein-based subunit vaccines represent a safer alternative to the whole pathogen in vaccine development. However, limitations of physiological instability and low immunogenicity of such vaccines demand an ef...
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Protocol
Protein Arrays III: Reverse-Phase Protein Arrays
The reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) is to use highly specific antibodies to interrogate pan or posttranslationally modified protein targets, such as phosphorylated proteins, particularly the proteins involv...
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Protocol
Protein Arrays I: Antibody Arrays
Antibody arrays represent one of the very early protein array systems where antibodies are used to capture and detect target proteins in a high-throughput platform. The development of high-quality antibodies, ...
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Protocol
ERRATUM TO: Quantitation of Mitochondrial DNA Deletions Via Restriction Digestion/Long-Range Single-Molecule PCR