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Effective preconcentration of palladium and platinum via dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floated organic drop

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Abstract

A quick, easy, and inexpensive dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction process based on the solidification of floated organic drop (DLLME-SFOD) was studied for enrichment of palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) ions. In the procedure, 70 µL of the extractant, 1-undecanol, and 200 µL of ethanol, as a dispersing solvent, were injected into an aqueous solution containing 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) and the analyte at pH 5.0. The extraction process was enhanced by 1.5% (w/v) NaCl. The organic drop floated on the solution surface upon centrifugation and subsequently solidified when it was cooled. The solidified drop was then transmitted to a small tube and diluted by 1.0 mol L−1 of HNO3 before inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometric analysis. Several variables that affect the extraction performance and subsequent analysis were discussed. The procedure has detection limits of 0.12 and 0.09 µg L−1, and enrichment factor of 29.8 and 29.3 for Pd(II) and Pt(II), respectively. Linear calibration graphs were attained from 0.5 to 200 µg L−1, for both ions. The approach was validated using a standard reference sample (auto-catalyst NIST SRM 2557) and applied for analysis of water and road dust samples.

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Data availability

The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt

    Wael I. Mortada

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  1. Wael I. Mortada
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Wael I. Mortada contributed to conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, supervision, validation, and writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Wael I. Mortada.

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Mortada, W.I. Effective preconcentration of palladium and platinum via dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floated organic drop. J IRAN CHEM SOC 20, 1023–1029 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02700-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02700-x

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