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Ultrasonication-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of flavonoids from pretreated fenugreek and their antidiabetic & hypo-lipidemic potential

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Abstract

The effects of germination pretreatments on fenugreek seeds were analyzed by employing an ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (UAE-DES) extraction process. The germinated and UAE-DES extracted fenugreek sample of day 3 (GFE3) was found to be the most effective based on the results of flavonoid contents, antioxidant properties, and antibacterial potential. The results of HPLC-DAD analysis also suggested GFE3 as an effective pretreatment with the highest extraction yields of kaempferol (5.33 ± 0.26 mg/gm d.w.), rutin (9.06 ± 0.44 mg/gm d.w.) and quercetin (25.69 ± 0.44 mg/gm d.w.) among all treatments. The results of simulated digestion showed that a major portion of flavonoid contents were lost during gastric digestion due to poor stability values and a maximum TFC release of 60.23% was recorded after intestinal digestion for GFE3. Subsequently, GFE3 exhibited good inhibition properties against α-amylase (86.53 ± 4.24%), α-glucosidase (95.67 ± 4.68%) and pancreatic lipase enzymes (82.73 ± 4.05%). Hence, GFE3 can be used as a potential pretreatment for enhanced antioxidant activity and improved glycemic, lipid and digestive responses, which can be further used in food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

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Acknowledgements

Thisproject was supported by the grants from Thirteen Five National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0400902) and Changji science and technology project (2019G02).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China

    Waqas Ashraf, Khubaib Ali, Arif Hussain, Aiman Karim & Zhang Lianfu

  2. School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 5, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China

    Abdur Rehman

  3. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Hafiz Rizwan Sharif

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  1. Waqas Ashraf
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Contributions

Waqas Ashraf, conceptualization, experimentation, data analysis, writing and editing of the first draft. Zhang Lianfu, conceptualization, funding acquisition, supervision, reviewing and editing. Abdur Rehman, data interpretation, proofreading the paper and editing. Arif Hussain, methodology and formal data interpretations. Aiman Karim, methodology and formal analysis. Khubaib Ali, methodology, proofreading the original draft and editing, Hafiz Rizwan Sharif, data curation, proofreading and editing.

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Ashraf, W., Rehman, A., Sharif, H.R. et al. Ultrasonication-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of flavonoids from pretreated fenugreek and their antidiabetic & hypo-lipidemic potential. Food Measure (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-024-02575-x

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