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Isolation and Enzymatic Characterization of Fungal Strains from Grapevines with Grapevine Trunk Diseases Symptoms in Central Mexico

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Abstract

Grapevine production is economically indispensable for the global wine industry. Currently, Mexico cultivates grapevines across approximately 28 500 hectares, ranking as the 26th largest producer worldwide. Given its significance, early detection of plant diseases’ causal agents is crucial for preventing outbreaks. Consequently, our study aimed to identify fungal strains in grapevines exhibiting trunk disease symptoms and assess their enzymatic capabilities as indicators of their phytopathogenic potential. We collected plant cultivars, including Malbec, Shiraz, and Tempranillo, from Querétaro, Mexico. In the laboratory, we superficially removed the plant bark to prevent external contamination. Subsequently, the sample was superficially disinfected, and sawdust was generated from the symptomatic tissue. Cultivable fungal strains were isolated using aseptic techniques from the recovered sawdust. Colonies were grown on PDA and identified through a combination of microscopy and DNA-sequencing of the ITS and LSU nrDNA regions, coupled with a BLASTn search in the GenBank database. We evaluated the strains’ qualitative ability to degrade cellulose, starch, and lignin using specific media and stains. Using culture morphology and DNA-sequencing, 13 species in seven genera were determined: Acremonium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Dydimella, Fusarium, Sarocladium, and Quambalaria. Some isolated strains were able to degrade cellulose or lignin, or starch. These results constitute the first report of these species community in the Americas. Using culture-dependent and DNA-sequencing tools allows the detection of fungal strains to continue monitoring for early prevention of the GTD.

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Acknowledgements

AAM thanks CONACYT for the postdoctoral scholarship funding through “ESTANCIAS POSDOCTORALES POR MÉXICO MODALIDADES 1 Y 2 en la Modalidad: Modalidad 1: Estancia Posdoctoral Académica”, CVU number 385015. Also, AAM thanks to C. Cajica, A. Jiménez-Mu and J. Arriaga-Espinosa for their technical help during the field and laboratory procedures. REAA and RGO thank the company LABCITEC for providing us with their facilities to carry out part of the molecular protocols.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las campanas S/N, Col. Las campanas, C. P. 76010, Querétaro, Mexico

    Andrés Argüelles-Moyao & Juan-Ramiro Pacheco-Aguilar

  2. Red Manejo Biotecnológico de Recursos, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, C. P. 91073, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    Rodolfo Ángeles-Argáiz

  3. Laboratorio de Sistemática, Ecología y Aprovechamiento de Hongos Ectomicorrízicos, Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria. Del., C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico

    Roberto Garibay-Orijel

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  1. Andrés Argüelles-Moyao
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  2. Rodolfo Ángeles-Argáiz
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  3. Roberto Garibay-Orijel
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AAM and JRPA designed and conducted the study and wrote the first draft. REAA and RGO performed the molecular approaches. All authors contributed to the manuscript’s final discussion, writing, and revision.

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Correspondence to Andrés Argüelles-Moyao or Juan-Ramiro Pacheco-Aguilar.

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Argüelles-Moyao, A., Ángeles-Argáiz, R., Garibay-Orijel, R. et al. Isolation and Enzymatic Characterization of Fungal Strains from Grapevines with Grapevine Trunk Diseases Symptoms in Central Mexico. Curr Microbiol 81, 200 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03709-6

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