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Uncovering the hidden diversity of fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases in the Moroccan vineyards

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Abstract

For decades, the grapevine has been produced as a commercial fruit crop in Morocco. From 2004 to 2022, the area dedicated to cultivating and producing grapes has increased across the country. Despite the implementation of adequate agricultural practices, grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) lead to significant yield losses and a remarkable reduction in viticultural quality. Many grape growers encounter this issue in their vines each year and seek strategies to cope with it. In the most significant grape-growing regions globally, including Morocco, grapevine decline is a common and significant disease that is brought on by a multitude of latent fungal plant diseases. Due to the use of poorly informative markers in phylogenetic analyses and the lack of relevant morphological characteristics, the classification of these pathogens has proven to be challenging. Numerous genera and families have not yet been extensively studied, especially in Morocco. To identify the dieback-causing agents, surveys were carried out in 152 Moroccan vineyards in Marrakech-Safi, Casablanca-Settat, Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, and Fez- Meknes regions between 2019-2021. Samples of symptomatic trunks were collected and processed for mycological analysis. Afterward, fungal identification of representative isolates was performed combining morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA and protein-coding gene (β-TUB). Pathogenicity tests were fulfilled under greenhouse conditions for 15 days. Among the fungi collected in the current study, 54 fungal isolates were obtained belonging to different genera and families namely: Botryosphaeria (11 species), Fusarium (10 species), Pestialiotiopsis (4 species), Clonostachys (3 species), Entoleuca mammata, Phaeoacremonium hungaricum, Trichothecium roseum, Diaporthe ampelina, Epicoccum nigrum, Alternaria alternata, and Rosellinia convexa. Pathogenicity test revealed that Diplodia mutila, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, Neopestalotiopsis vitis, and Trichothecium roseum isolates are the most pathogenic. This is the first detailed report of species associated with GTDs in Morocco where new records of species worldwide are highlighted.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during the current study are available on GenBank and from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgments

This research was financilaly supported by the Phytopathology Unit of the Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès.

Funding

No funding was received for conducting this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, 50001, Meknès, Morocco

    Jihane Kenfaoui, Said Amiri, Khadija Goura, Mohammed Mennani, Abdessalem Tahiri & Rachid Lahlali

  2. Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30500, Fez, Morocco

    Jihane Kenfaoui & Lahsen El Ghadraoui

  3. Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Biological Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco

    Khadija Goura

  4. African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco

    Nabil Radouane

  5. Plant Protection Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Meknes, National Institute of Agricultural Research, 50001, Meknès, Morocco

    Zineb Belabess

  6. Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio-Protection des Plantes-EA, 4707 USC INRAE 1488, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100, Reims, France

    Florence Fontaine & Essaid Ait Barka

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  1. Jihane Kenfaoui
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  2. Said Amiri
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  10. Lahsen El Ghadraoui
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  11. Rachid Lahlali
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Jihane Kenfaoui. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jihane Kenfaoui, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rachid Lahlali.

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Kenfaoui, J., Amiri, S., Goura, K. et al. Uncovering the hidden diversity of fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases in the Moroccan vineyards. Trop. plant pathol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-024-00656-2

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