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Article
Open AccessEfficacy and safety of ketone ester infusion to prevent muscle weakness in a mouse model of sepsis-induced critical illness
In septic mice, 3-hydroxybutyrate-sodium-salt has shown to partially prevent sepsis-induced muscle weakness. Although effective, the excessive sodium load was toxic. We here investigated whether ketone ester 3...
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Article
C-reactive protein rise in response to macronutrient deficit early in critical illness: sign of inflammation or mediator of infection prevention and recovery
Withholding parenteral nutrition (PN) early in critical illness, late-PN, has shown to prevent infections despite a higher peak C-reactive protein (CRP). We investigated whether the accentuated CRP rise was ca...
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Article
Open AccessImpact of tight glucose control on circulating 3-hydroxybutyrate in critically ill patients
Recent evidence suggests a potentially protective effect of increasing ketone body availability via accepting low macronutrient intake early after onset of critical illness. The impact of blood glucose control...
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Article
Open AccessIdentification of the toxic threshold of 3-hydroxybutyrate-sodium supplementation in septic mice
In septic mice, supplementing parenteral nutrition with 150 mg/day 3-hydroxybutyrate-sodium-salt (3HB-Na) has previously shown to prevent muscle weakness without obvious toxicity. The main objective of this st...
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Article
Open AccessAltered cholesterol homeostasis in critical illness-induced muscle weakness: effect of exogenous 3-hydroxybutyrate
Muscle weakness is a complication of critical illness which hampers recovery. In critically ill mice, supplementation with the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate has been shown to improve muscle force and to normal...
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Article
Open AccessImpact of withholding early parenteral nutrition in adult critically ill patients on ketogenesis in relation to outcome
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Article
Open AccessThe role of pro-opiomelanocortin in the ACTH–cortisol dissociation of sepsis
Sepsis is typically hallmarked by high plasma (free) cortisol and suppressed cortisol breakdown, while plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is not increased, referred to as ‘ACTH–cortisol dissociation.’ W...
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Article
Open AccessEffect of withholding early parenteral nutrition in PICU on ketogenesis as potential mediator of its outcome benefit
In critically ill children, omitting early use of parenteral nutrition (late-PN versus early-PN) reduced infections, accelerated weaning from mechanical ventilation, and shortened PICU stay. We hypothesized th...
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Article
Open AccessDynamics and prognostic value of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis responses to pediatric critical illness and association with corticosteroid treatment: a prospective observational study
Increased systemic cortisol availability during adult critical illness is determined by reduced binding-proteins and suppressed breakdown rather than elevated ACTH. Dynamics, drivers and prognostic value of hy...
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Article
Open AccessAdipose tissue protects against sepsis-induced muscle weakness in mice: from lipolysis to ketones
ICU-acquired weakness is a debilitating consequence of prolonged critical illness that is associated with poor outcome. Recently, premorbid obesity has been shown to protect against such illness-induced muscle...
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Article
Open AccessACTH and cortisol responses to CRH in acute, subacute, and prolonged critical illness: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover cohort study
Low plasma ACTH in critically ill patients may be explained by shock/inflammation-induced hypothalamus-pituitary damage or by feedback inhibition exerted by elevated plasma free cortisol. One can expect augmen...
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Article
Open AccessAdrenocortical function during prolonged critical illness and beyond: a prospective observational study
For patients suffering from prolonged critical illness, it is unknown whether and when the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis alterations recover, and to what extent adrenocortical function parameters relate ...
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Article
Open AccessProliferation and differentiation of adipose tissue in prolonged lean and obese critically ill patients
In prolonged non-obese critically ill patients, preservation of adipose tissue is prioritized over that of the skeletal muscle and coincides with increased adipogenesis. However, we recently demonstrated that ...
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Article
Open AccessCritical illness induces nutrient-independent adipogenesis and accumulation of alternatively activated tissue macrophages
We previously reported that in artificially-fed critically ill patients, adipose tissue reveals an increase in small adipocytes and accumulation of M2-macrophages. We hypothesized that nutrient-independent fac...
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Article
Open AccessCritical illness induces alternative activation of M2 macrophages in adipose tissue
We recently reported macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue of critically ill patients. Classically activated macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue is a known feature of obesity, where it is linked with...
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Article
Open AccessAdiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4, and leptin in protracted critical illness of pulmonary origin
Critically ill patients requiring intensive care uniformly develop insulin resistance. This is most pronounced in patients with sepsis. Recently, several hormones secreted by adipose tissue have been identifie...
