22 Result(s)
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Philip J. Kranzusch
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Article
Structure and assembly of a bacterial gasdermin pore
In response to pathogen infection, gasdermin (GSDM) proteins form membrane pores that induce a host cell death process called pyroptosis1–3. Studies of human and mouse GSDM pores have revealed the functions and a...
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Article
Phages overcome bacterial immunity via diverse anti-defence proteins
It was recently shown that bacteria use, apart from CRISPR–Cas and restriction systems, a considerable diversity of phage resistance systems1–4, but it is largely unknown how phages cope with this multilayered ba...
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Open AccessStructural basis of Gabija anti-phage defence and viral immune evasion
Bacteria encode hundreds of diverse defence systems that protect them from viral infection and inhibit phage propagation1–5. Gabija is one of the most prevalent anti-phage defence systems, occurring in more than ...
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Viruses inhibit TIR gcADPR signalling to overcome bacterial defence
The Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain is a key component of immune receptors that identify pathogen invasion in bacteria, plants and animals1–3. In the bacterial antiphage system Thoeris, as well as in pla...
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Open AccessSequential action of a tRNA base editor in conversion of cytidine to pseudouridine
Post-transcriptional RNA editing modulates gene expression in a condition-dependent fashion. We recently discovered C-to-Ψ editing in Vibrio cholerae tRNA. Here, we characterize the biogenesis, regulation, and fu...
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Open AccessCryo-EM structure of an active bacterial TIR–STING filament complex
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an antiviral signalling protein that is broadly conserved in both innate immunity in animals and phage defence in prokaryotes1–4. Activation of STING requires its assembl...
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Article
Open AccessStructural basis of human TREX1 DNA degradation and autoimmune disease
TREX1 is a cytosolic DNA nuclease essential for regulation of cGAS-STING immune signaling. Existing structures of mouse TREX1 establish a mechanism of DNA degradation and provide a key model to explain autoimm...
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Open AccessPhage anti-CBASS and anti-Pycsar nucleases subvert bacterial immunity
The cyclic oligonucleotide-based antiphage signalling system (CBASS) and the pyrimidine cyclase system for antiphage resistance (Pycsar) are antiphage defence systems in diverse bacteria that use cyclic nucleo...
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Open AccesscGAS-like receptors sense RNA and control 3′2′-cGAMP signalling in Drosophila
Cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic DNA sensor that produces the second messenger cG[2′–5′]pA[3′–5′]p (2′3′-cGAMP) and controls activation of innate immunity in mammalian cells1–5. Animal genomes typica...
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Article
STING cyclic dinucleotide sensing originated in bacteria
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a receptor in human cells that senses foreign cyclic dinucleotides that are released during bacterial infection and in endogenous cyclic GMP–AMP signalling during vira...
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Publisher Correction: Viral and metazoan poxins are cGAMP-specific nucleases that restrict cGAS–STING signalling
In this Letter, Supplementary Fig. 1 was missing. This error has been corrected online.
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Article
Bacterial cGAS-like enzymes synthesize diverse nucleotide signals
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have central roles in bacterial homeostasis and virulence by acting as nucleotide second messengers. Bacterial CDNs also elicit immune responses during infection when they are detec...
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Viral and metazoan poxins are cGAMP-specific nucleases that restrict cGAS–STING signalling
Cytosolic DNA triggers innate immune responses through the activation of cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) and production of the cyclic dinucleotide second messenger 2′,3′-cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP)1–4. 2′,3′-cGAMP is a...
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Article
eIF3d is an mRNA cap-binding protein that is required for specialized translation initiation
The initiation protein eIF3d serves as an alternative cap-recognition factor for a subclass of mRNAs, such as c-Jun; the high-resolution structure of the eIF3d cap-binding domain can be modelled onto the cap s...
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Foreign DNA capture during CRISPR–Cas adaptive immunity
Bacteria and archaea generate adaptive immunity against phages and plasmids by integrating foreign DNA of specific 30–40-base-pair lengths into clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)...
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Foreign DNA capture during CRISPR–Cas adaptive immunity
The structure of the Cas1–Cas2 complex bound to a protospacer sequence illustrates how foreign DNA is captured and measured by bacterial proteins in preparation for integration into CRISPR loci.
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eIF3 targets cell-proliferation messenger RNAs for translational activation or repression
Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3)—the deregulation of which has been linked with diverse cancers—is shown to bind to and direct the specialized translation of a subset of messenger RNAs, primarily involved...
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Cas1–Cas2 complex formation mediates spacer acquisition during CRISPR–Cas adaptive immunity
The CRISPR–Cas system mediates immunity to foreign DNA sequences that are integrated as spacers between repeats in the CRISPR locus. Work from Doudna and colleagues shows that nucleases Cas1 and Cas2 form a st...
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African origin of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium vivax is the leading cause of human malaria in Asia and Latin America but is absent from most of central Africa due to the near fixation of a mutation that inhibits the expression of its receptor, the ...
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Article
Ebola virus entry requires the cholesterol transporter Niemann–Pick C1
The extraordinary virulence of the Ebola and Marburg filoviruses has spurred intensive research into the molecular mechanisms by which they multiply and cause disease. Carette et al. use a genome-wide genetic scr...
