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Article
Open AccessRecent Status of Phase I Clinical Trials for Brain Tumors: A Regulatory Science Study of Exploratory Efficacy Endpoints
Appropriate exploratory efficacy data from Phase I trials are vital for subsequent phases. Owing to the uniqueness of brain tumors (BTs), use of different strategies to evaluate efficacy is warranted. We studi...
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Article
Efficacy Endpoints in Phase II Clinical Trials for Meningioma: An Analysis of Recent Clinical Trials
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)-based response rates are commonly used as efficacy endpoints in phase II clinical trials for solid tumors. However, no consensus has been reached concernin...
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Article
Open AccessHigh-dose proton beam therapy versus conventional fractionated radiation therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a propensity score matching analysis
High-dose proton beam therapy (PBT) uses excellent dose concentricity based on the unique characteristic termed the Bragg peak. PBT is a highly feasible treatment option that improves survival in select patien...
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Article
Open AccessMaximum resection and immunotherapy improve glioblastoma patient survival: a retrospective single-institution prognostic analysis
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a refractory disease with a poor prognosis and various methods, including maximum resection and immunotherapy, have been tested to improve outcomes. In this retrospective study we analyze...
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Article
Infiltration of CD163-positive macrophages in glioma tissues after treatment with anti-PD-L1 antibody and role of PI3Kγ inhibitor as a combination therapy with anti-PD-L1 antibody in in vivo model using temozolomide-resistant murine glioma-initiating cells
Although chemoimmunotherapy often lengthens glioblastoma (GBM) survival, early relapses remain problematic as immunosuppressive M2 macrophages (Mϕ) that function via inhibitory cytokine and PD-L1 production ca...
