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  1. Article

    Open Access

    A New Volumetric Strain-Based Method for Determining the Crack Initiation Threshold of Rocks Under Compression

    The crack initiation stress threshold ( \({\sigma }_{\mathrm{ci}}\) σ ...

    Hao Li, Ruizhi Zhong, Leo Pel, David Smeulders… in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (2024)

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  2. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Kinetics of SAPs During Hardening, Drying and Healing in Cementitious Materials Studied by NMR

    At early ages, plastic shrinkage can arise when a cement paste is subjected to harsh drying conditions during hardening. Furthermore, when using a low water-to-binder ratio, the cementitious material may show ...

    Didier Snoeck, Leo Pel, Nele De Belie in 3rd International Conference on the Applic… (2020)

  3. No Access

    Article

    Sodium sulfate salt weathering of porous building materials studied by NMR

    Sodium sulfate is known as one of the most destructive salts causing weathering. Many experiments on accelerated weathering tests show that major deterioration effects by weathering are caused by drying and we...

    Tamerlan A. Saidov, Leo Pel, Klaas Ko**a in Materials and Structures (2017)

  4. No Access

    Article

    New insights into autogenous self-healing in cement paste based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests

    The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of water migration from cracks into the bulk paste on autogenous self-healing. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique was utilized to monitor water migra...

    Haoliang Huang, Guang Ye, Leo Pel in Materials and Structures (2016)

  5. Article

    Open Access

    Desalination of porous building materials by electrokinetics: an NMR study

    This article presents the first non destructive measurements of salt ions transport through fired-clay brick during electrokinetic desalination using nuclear magnetic resonance technique. The effect of the str...

    Kashif Kamran, Leo Pel, Alison Sawdy, Henk Huinink… in Materials and Structures (2012)

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  6. No Access

    Chapter

    Moisture content measurement

    Many deterioration processes in buildings are linked to the presence of moisture, i.e. water in liquid and/or vapor form. Changes in moisture levels can cause salts to crystallize or deliquesce, which may resu...

    Bart J. F. Erich, Leo Pel in Fundamentals of mold growth in indoor envi… (2011)

  7. No Access

    Article

    Drying of salt-contaminated masonry: MRI laboratory monitoring

    Drying of masonry specimens was monitored by means of a two-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. The external surfaces stayed wet for longer if NaCl was present instead of pure water on...

    Teresa Diaz Gonçalves, Leo Pel, José Delgado Rodrigues in Environmental Geology (2007)

  8. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Ion Transport and Crystallization in Porous Materials as Studied by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

    Salt weathering is one of the major causes of deterioration of buildings and monuments. We have determined the underlying moisture and ion transport within a representative building material by measuring the t...

    Leo Pel, Henk P. Huinink, Klaas Ko**a in IUTAM Symposium on Physicochemical and Ele… (2005)