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Open AccessCardiac structure and function after revascularization versus medical therapy for renal artery stenosis: the ASTRAL heart echocardiographic sub-study
The ASTRAL trial showed no difference in clinical outcomes between medical therapy and revascularization for atherosclerotic renal vascular disease (ARVD). Here we report a sub-study using echocardiography to ...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Credit Card Industry
The concept of a general purpose credit card originated in 1949, when Frank McNamara dined in a New York restaurant and discovered that he could not pay for his meal (Evans and Schmalensee 1999). By the 1980s ...
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Book
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Chapter
Vision and Reality: Joseph Paul-Boncour and Third Republic Pluralism
Ideas associated with pluralism were at the front of many intelligent political minds in the Third Republic. Republicans of different stripes kept up a constant reflection on the problems of French political h...
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Chapter
A Pluralist History of France?
What makes France different? More than two decades have elapsed since François Furet, Jacques Julliard, and Pierre Rosanvallon published a much-debated book which argued that the ‘French exception’ had come to...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Credit Card Industry
The concept of a general purpose credit card originated in 1949, when Frank McNamara dined in a New York restaurant and discovered that he could not pay for his meal (Evans and Schmalensee 1999). By the 1980s ...
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Reference Work Entry At a glance
Credit Card Industry
The concept of a general purpose credit card originated in 1949, when Frank McNamara dined in a New York restaurant and discovered that he could not pay for his meal (Evans and Schmalensee, 1999). By the 1980s...
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Chapter
One Mind at Locarno? Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann
The two statesmen who dominated the international stage in the Locarno era from 1925 to 1929 were Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann, the foreign ministers of France and Germany, on whom the hopes of libera...
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Article
Two-sided Markets, Competitive Bottlenecks and Exclusive Contracts
We provide a framework for analyzing two-sided markets that allows for different degrees of product differentiation on each side of the market. When platforms are viewed as homogenous by sellers but heterogene...
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Article
Asymmetric Network Interconnection
We develop a model of competition between interconnected networks,that allows for carriers to differ in size. Under two-partpricing, we show that because of asymmetry the larger network willalways prefer a rec...
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Article
Peering and Settlement in the Internet: An Economic Analysis
This paper explores the implications of Internet peering in the context of a model of competing, vertically integrated Internet Access Providers. We show that if regulation forbids settlement payments between ...
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Article
International Telecommunications, Settlement Rates, and the FCC
This paper models settlement arrangements between international telecommunication carriers. The FCC in the United States claims these arrangements cost United States consumers billions of dollars annually, lar...
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Article
Interconnection in Network Industries
Recent deregulation of telecommunications in the U.S. and elsewhere has highlighted the importance of interconnection in network industries. In this paper, we analyse interconnection in a deregulated network w...
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Article
Symbiotic production: The case of telecommunication pricing
In this paper we analyze a generalization of vertical monopolies in which monopoly suppliers trade essential inputs with one another. The most obvious applications of the model, which we call symbiotic product...
