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Article
Association of common DNA sequence variants at 33 genetic loci with blood lipids in individuals of African ancestry from Jamaica
The relevance of loci associated with blood lipids recently identified in European populations in individuals of African ancestry is unknown. We tested association between lipid traits and 36 previously descri...
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Article
Dye standards, Part I: terminology and general principles
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Article
Gallocyanin chromalum as a nuclear stain in cytology. I. A cytophotometric comparison of the Husain-Watts Gallocyanin chromalum staining protocol with the Feulgen procedure
In the present study, the staining characteristics of the Gallocyanin chromalum technique devised by Husain and Watts are compared with the Feulgen reaction. Liver imprints, blood smears, and cervical smears w...
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Chapter
Tissue Processing: III. Fixation, General Aspects
Fixation is used in this text to denote a chemical treatment leading to immobilization and stabilization of tissue components. Displacement and extraction of native components should be minimal and, ideally, thos...
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Chapter
Tissue Processing: V. Embedding
Embedding of tissue enables it to withstand sectioning. One simple approach is to freeze the material and section it in a cryostat (Sects.11.2.2 and 11.3.1). The formation of ice has an immobilizing effect and...
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Chapter
Tissue Processing: VII. Post Treatment
For an image to be seen with an unstained section in the light microscope, different tissue components must have different refractive indices from each other and from the mounting medium. Pieces of tissue, whi...
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Chapter
Nucleic Acids
Some of the most important methods used for demonstrating nucleic acids are enumerated in Table 20.1, while Table 20.2 outlines a strategy for their identification using the classical histochemical reactions.
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Chapter
Pigments
Pigments are defined and classified in Sect.2.1.7. Metals and metal salts are discussed in Chap. 17.
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Chapter
Carbohydrates
Histochemically demonstrable carbohydrates comprise homoglycans, heterogly-cans, and oligosaccharides bound to protein (glycoproteins) (cf. Sect.2.1.5). Homoglycans occur as glycogen in mammals and starch (amy...
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Chapter
The Scope of Histochemistry
The purpose of histochemical and histological methods is to provide as exact a picture of living tissue as possible. This is exceedingly difficult as any intervention, such as taking a biopsy and preparing it ...
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Chapter
Fluorescence Microscopic Methods in Histochemistry
The majority of tissue components in unstained untreated sections show some degree of fluorescence. This is called primary fluorescence or autofluorescence. Such autofluorescence is particularly pronounced in ...
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Chapter
Blocking and Deblocking Reactions
Positive Histochemical Reaction. This is a reaction producing a reaction product that can be seen using a microscope.
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Chapter
Tissue Processing: IV. Applied Fixation
Although reactions with proteins are of overriding importance in tissue fixation (cf. Sect. 12.2), an appreciation of the reactions involving other macromolecules and lipids is also important. A selection of t...
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Chapter
Tissue Processing: VI. Hard Tissues
The hard tissues, which include bones and teeth, pose special problems in histo-logical technique due to their content of crystals of mineral salts. Bone may be divided into dense cortical bone and the fine ne...
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Chapter
Proteins
Some proteins, such as the fibre proteins elastin and collagen, can be identified directly by their tissue location and their physico-chemical properties. Similarly, actin and myosin can be recognized in stria...
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Chapter
Enzyme Histochemistry I: General Considerations
Enzymes are proteins or glycoproteins with selective, often specific, catalytic effects. They characteristically increase the rates of reactions by a factor of at least 107.
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Chapter
General Theory for Tissue Staining
Although the specific characteristics of the tissue and the choice of staining procedure are the central issue in demonstrating histological features, the pretreatment and processing following staining also ma...
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Chapter
Staining Based on Reductants and Oxidants
Redox reactions, apart from those involving enzymes, are widely used in the demonstration of miscellaneous cell and tissue components. Staining depends on the presence of groups capable of reducing or oxidizin...
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Chapter
Tissue Processing: I. Overview
Certain aspects of living cells may be studied directly using the light microscope. However, for most work where chemical and structural information is sought, it is necessary to “stabilize” the cells or the t...
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Chapter
Enzyme Histochemistry II: Hydrolases
Hydrolases or hydrolytic enzymes catalyze the breakdown of substrates (e.g. esters, glycosides, and peptides) using water: $${\rm{AB + }}{{\rm...
