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Article
Structural diversity in salt excreting glands and salinity tolerance in Oryza coarctata, Sporobolus anglicus and Urochondra setulosa
Unlike the bicellular glands characteristic of all known excreting grasses, unique single-celled salt glands were discovered in the only salt tolerant species of the genus Oryza, Oryza coarctata.
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Article
Open AccessMethods of analysis of chloroplast genomes of C3, Kranz type C4 and Single Cell C4 photosynthetic members of Chenopodiaceae
Chloroplast genome information is critical to understanding forms of photosynthesis in the plant kingdom. During the evolutionary process, plants have developed different photosynthetic strategies that are acc...
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Article
Open AccessTransgenic maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase alters leaf–atmosphere CO2 and 13CO2 exchanges in Oryza sativa
The engineering process of C4 photosynthesis into C3 plants requires an increased activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in the cytosol of leaf mesophyll cells. The literature varies on the physiologi...
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Article
Differences in photosynthetic syndromes of four halophytic marsh grasses in Pakistan
Salt-tolerant grasses of warm sub-tropical ecosystems differ in their distribution patterns with respect to salinity and moisture regimes. Experiments were conducted on CO2 fixation and light harvesting processes...
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Article
Open AccessExploring mechanisms linked to differentiation and function of dimorphic chloroplasts in the single cell C4 species Bienertia sinuspersici
In the model single-cell C4 plant Bienertia sinuspersici, chloroplast- and nuclear-encoded photosynthetic enzymes, characteristically confined to either bundle sheath or mesophyll cells in Kranz-type C4 leaves, a...
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Article
Special issues on Photosynthesis Education honoring Govindjee
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Article
David Alan Walker (1928–2012)
David Alan Walker, Emeritus Professor of Biology, University of Sheffield, UK and Fellow of the Royal Society, died on February 13, 2012. David had a marvelous 60 year career as a scientist, during which he wa...
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Article
Berger C. Mayne (1920–2011): a friend and his contributions to photosynthesis research
We provide here insights on the life and work of Berger C. Mayne (1920—2011). We remember and honor Berger, whose study of photosynthesis began with the most basic processes of intersystem electron transport a...
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Article
In vitro cultures and regeneration of Bienertia sinuspersici (Chenopodiaceae) under increasing concentrations of sodium chloride and carbon dioxide
To study the developmental transition of chloroplasts from C3 to C4 photosynthesis in the terrestrial single-cell C4 species Bienertia sinuspersici, a regeneration protocol was developed. Stem explant material de...
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Chapter
Chapter 4 C4 Photosynthesis: Kranz Forms and Single-Cell C4 in Terrestrial Plants
Plants identified as having C4 photosynthesis have a C4 metabolic cycle with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase as the initial catalyst for fixation of atmospheric CO2, and a C4 acid decarboxylase (NADP-malic enzyme...
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Article
The effects of salinity on photosynthesis and growth of the single-cell C4 species Bienertia sinuspersici (Chenopodiaceae)
Recent research on the photosynthetic mechanisms of plant species in the Chenopodiaceae family revealed that three species, including Bienertia sinuspersici, can carry out C4 photosynthesis within individual phot...
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Article
Co-regulation of dark and light reactions in three biochemical subtypes of C4 species
Regulation of light harvesting in response to changes in light intensity, CO2 and O2 concentration was studied in C4 species representing three different metabolic subtypes: Sorghum bicolor (NADP-malic enzyme), A...
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Article
Does Bienertia cycloptera with the single-cell system of C4 photosynthesis exhibit a seasonal pattern of δ13C values in nature similar to co-existing C4 Chenopodiaceae having the dual-cell (Kranz) system?
Family Chenopodiaceae is an intriguing lineage, having the largest number of C4 species among dicots, including a number of anatomical variants of Kranz anatomy and three single-cell C4 functioning species. In so...
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Article
Structural changes in the vacuole and cytoskeleton are key to development of the two cytoplasmic domains supporting single-cell C4 photosynthesis in Bienertia sinuspersici
Bienertia sinuspersici Akhani has an unusual mechanism of C4 photosynthesis which occurs within individual chlorenchyma cells. To perform C4, the mature cells have two cytoplasmic compartments consisting of a cen...
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Article
Analysis of donors of electrons to photosystem I and cyclic electron flow by redox kinetics of P700 in chloroplasts of isolated bundle sheath strands of maize
Bundle sheath chloroplasts of NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) type C4 species have a high demand for ATP, while being deficient in linear electron flow and oxidation of water by photosystem II (PSII). To evaluate ele...
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Article
New Fluorescence Parameters for the Determination of QA Redox State and Excitation Energy Fluxes
A number of useful photosynthetic parameters are commonly derived from saturation pulse-induced fluorescence analysis. We show, that qP, an estimate of the fraction of open centers, is based on a pure ‘puddle’ an...
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Chapter
The Relationship between Photosynthetic Electron Transfer and its Regulation
The remarkable productivity of the higher plant photosynthetic apparatus can often be matched by its sensitivity to photodestruction, particularly under environmental stress. Thus, plants have evolved mechanis...
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Article
Photosynthesis is limited at high leaf to air vapor pressure deficit in a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana that lacks trienoic fatty acids
We have investigated the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in photosynthesis using a triple mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana that lacks trienoic fatty acids (fad 3-2 fad 7-2 fad 8). Though this mutant is male ste...
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Article
Kranz anatomy is not essential for terrestrial C4 plant photosynthesis
An important adaptation to CO2-limited photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, algae and some plants was development of CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCM)1. Evolution of a CCM occurred many times in flowering plants, be...
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Article
A mathematical model of C4 photosynthesis: The mechanism of concentrating CO2 in NADP-malic enzyme type species
A computer model comprising light reactions in PS II and PS I, electron-proton transport reactions in mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts, all enzymatic reactions and most of the known regulatory function...
