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Article
Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders — towards clinical application
Neurofilament proteins have been validated as specific body fluid biomarkers of neuro-axonal injury. The advent of highly sensitive analytical platforms that enable reliable quantification of neurofilaments in...
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Article
Open AccessProteomics reveal biomarkers for diagnosis, disease activity and long-term disability outcomes in multiple sclerosis
Sensitive and reliable protein biomarkers are needed to predict disease trajectory and personalize treatment strategies for multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we use the highly sensitive proximity-extension assay ...
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Article
Open AccessCerebrospinal fluid levels of neuroinflammatory biomarkers are increased in athletes with persistent post-concussive symptoms following sports-related concussion
A sports-related concussion (SRC) is often caused by rapid head rotation at impact, leading to shearing and stretching of axons in the white matter and initiation of secondary inflammatory processes that may e...
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Article
Open AccessT cell responses at diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis predict disease progression
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, involving neuroinflammation and T cell infiltration in the central nervous system. However, the contribution of T cell responses to the...
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Article
Open AccessCerebrospinal fluid concentration of complement component 4A is increased in first episode schizophrenia
Postsynaptic density is reduced in schizophrenia, and risk variants increasing complement component 4A (C4A) gene expression are linked to excessive synapse elimination. In two independent cohorts, we show that c...
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Article
Open AccessElevated endogenous GDNF induces altered dopamine signalling in mice and correlates with clinical severity in schizophrenia
Presynaptic increase in striatal dopamine is the primary dopaminergic abnormality in schizophrenia, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Here, we hypothesized that increased expression of endogeno...
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Article
Open AccessIdentification of cerebrospinal fluid and serum metabolomic biomarkers in first episode psychosis patients
Psychotic disorders are currently diagnosed by examining the patient’s mental state and medical history. Identifying reliable diagnostic, monitoring, predictive, or prognostic biomarkers would be useful in cli...
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Article
Open AccessScreening for pathogenic neuronal autoantibodies in serum and CSF of patients with first-episode psychosis
Patients with autoimmune encephalitides, especially those with antibodies to the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), often present with prominent psychosis and respond well to immunotherapies. Although most pa...
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Article
Open AccessPlasma bilirubin levels are reduced in first-episode psychosis patients and associates to working memory and duration of untreated psychosis
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder and one of its characteristics is cognitive impairments. Findings regarding levels of the heme metabolite and plasma antioxidant bilirubin in schizophrenia are inconcl...
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Article
Open AccessFluid proteomics of CSF and serum reveal important neuroinflammatory proteins in blood–brain barrier disruption and outcome prediction following severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective, observational study
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and a subsequent neuroinflammatory process. We aimed to perform a multiplex screening of brain enriched and inflammat...
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Article
Open AccessDifferential effects on blood and cerebrospinal fluid immune protein markers and kynurenine pathway metabolites from aerobic physical exercise in healthy subjects
Mounting evidence shows that physical exercise modulates systemic inflammation. However, its effect on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune-marker profiles in man are largely unknown. We here report a study on hea...
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Article
Open AccessEnlarged perivascular spaces in multiple sclerosis on magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Perivascular spaces can become detectable on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) upon enlargement, referred to as enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) or Virchow-Robin spaces. EPVS have been linked to small vessel...
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Article
Open AccessDynamics of cerebrospinal fluid levels of matrix metalloproteinases in human traumatic brain injury
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular enzymes involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Increased expression of MMPs have been described in traumatic brain injury (TBI) a...
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Article
Open AccessGsta4 controls apoptosis of differentiating adult oligodendrocytes during homeostasis and remyelination via the mitochondria-associated Fas-Casp8-Bid-axis
Arrest of oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and remyelination following myelin damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with neurodegeneration and clinical worsening. We show that Glutathione S-trans...
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Article
Open AccessCharacterization of More Selective Central Nervous System Nrf2-Activating Novel Vinyl Sulfoximine Compounds Compared to Dimethyl Fumarate
The Nrf2 transcription factor is a key regulator of redox reactions and considered the main target for the multiple sclerosis (MS) drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF). However, exploration of additional Nrf2-activati...
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Article
Open AccessNon-parametric combination analysis of multiple data types enables detection of novel regulatory mechanisms in T cells of multiple sclerosis patients
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with prominent neurodegenerative components. The triggering and progression of MS is associated with transcriptional and epigeneti...
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Article
GM-CSF and CXCR4 define a T helper cell signature in multiple sclerosis
Cytokine dysregulation is a central driver of chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we sought to determine the characteristic cellular and cytokine polarization profile in patien...
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Article
Open AccessTherapeutic efficacy of dimethyl fumarate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis associates with ROS pathway in monocytes
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a first-line-treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The redox master regulator Nrf2, essential for redox balance, is a target of DMF, but its precise therapeuti...
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Article
Open AccessNeuronal methylome reveals CREB-associated neuro-axonal impairment in multiple sclerosis
Due to limited access to brain tissue, the precise mechanisms underlying neuro-axonal dysfunction in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) are largely unknown. In that context, profiling DNA m...
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Article
Author Correction: Multiple sclerosis
In the originally published version of this article, in Table 4, Ocrelizumab was incorrectly referred to as an anti-CD25 antibody. This has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article to an anti...
