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Protocol
A Method to Quantitatively Examine Heat Stress-Induced Alternative Splicing in Plants by RNA-Seq and RT-PCR
Alternative splicing (AS) of pre-mRNAs is a type of post-transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes that expands the number of mRNA isoforms. Intron retention is the primary form of AS in plants and occurs more ...
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Protocol
Reconstitution of Vesicle Budding from the TGN and Immunoisolation of Vesicles Enriched with a Specific Cargo Client
The trans-Golgi network (TGN) is an important cargo sorting station in the secretory pathway. To reveal insights into protein sorting at the TGN, it is important to develop an assay to quantify the efficiency of ...
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Protocol
Two Complementary Strategies to Quantitate Extracellular Vesicle Uptake Using Bioluminescence and Non-Lipidic Dyes
The study of the molecular mechanisms controlling extracellular vesicle uptake by a target cell is an aspect of great interest within the EV community due to EV relevance in intercellular communication for tis...
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Protocol
Quantification of Endocannabinoids from Biological Samples Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are a family of lipid molecules with important regulatory function in the brain and immune system. The two well-studied eCBs are arachidonic acid derivatives, N-arachidonoylethanolamine...
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Protocol
Mass Spectrometry Approaches for Detection and Determination of Prostaglandins from Biological Samples
Accurate determination of prostaglandins (PGs) from biological samples is critical for understanding their biological functions and interactions during physiological and pathological processes. Liquid chromato...
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Protocol
Statistical Methods for Integrative Clustering of Multi-omics Data
Cancers are heterogeneous diseases caused by accumulated mutations or abnormal alterations at multi-levels of biological processes including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. There is a g...
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Protocol
Atrial Gene Painting in Large Animal Model of Atrial Fibrillation
Gene therapy appears promising as a targeted treatment of cardiac diseases. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and also a major contributor to stroke, heart failure, and d...
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Protocol
In Situ Observation of Abscisic Acid Distribution in Major Crop Species by Immunofluorescence Labeling
Immunofluorescent approach uses fluorophore-conjugated antibodies to target molecules of interest for the observation of their distribution and microenvironment at cellular or tissue level. In connection with ...
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Protocol
Proteomic-, Phosphoproteomic-, and Acetylomic-Based Mass Spectrometry to Identify Tissue-Specific Protein Complexes and Phosphorylation in Plant Gametogenesis
Using proteomics to analyze phosphorylation, acetylation, and other posttranslational modifications has been a very important method in biological research. Here we take the rice meiotic anther as an example t...
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Protocol
Use of FLP/FRT System to Screen for Notch Signaling Regulators in the Drosophila Wing
Mutations of genes encoding key components of the Notch signaling pathways often result in lethality at early developmental stages, making it difficult to decipher how they regulate the formation of specific c...
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Protocol
SWATH-MS Proteomic Approach to Discover Novel Protein Targets and Pathways in Response to Abscisic Acid
SWATH-MS proteomic approaches enable the identification and quantification of thousands of proteins within a single profiling experiment, which is useful for the identification of genes regulated by abscisic a...
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Protocol
Assessing In Situ Phosphoinositide–Protein Interactions Through Fluorescence Proximity Ligation Assay in Cultured Cells
Proximity ligation assay (PLA) is a well-established method for detecting in situ interactions between two epitopes with high resolution and specificity. Notably, PLA is not only a robust method for studying p...
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Protocol
Live Imaging of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Mesoderm Cells of Gastrulating Drosophila Embryos
Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) drive the generation of cell diversity during both evolution and development. More and more evidence has pointed to a model where EMT is not a binary switch but a reve...
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Protocol
Neighborhood Impact Factor to Study Cell-Fate Decision-Making in Cellular Communities
Cell-fate determination is a function of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic signaling cues. Understanding the design principles governing fate control in multicellular systems remains difficult to understand and an...
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Protocol
Quantification of Extracellular Matrix Fiber Systems Related to ADAMTS Proteins
ADAMTS (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type 1 motifs) proteins regulate tissue homeostasis and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related pathogenesis. Some ADAMTS proteins interact ...
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Protocol
Observing the Assembly of Protein Complexes in Living Eukaryotic Cells in Super-Resolution Using refSOFI
Few approaches are currently available that allow the detection of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in super-resolution, and the observation of the assembly of protein complexes in living cells has been par...
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Protocol
Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics
Metabolomics based on mass spectrometry can provide quantitative and qualitative information of the pool of metabolites (metabolome) present intracellularly or extracellularly in a given biological system. A t...
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Protocol
Molecular Markers in Whole Genome Evolution of Brachypodium
Molecular markers play more and more important role in population genetic and phylogenetic studies; choice of marker systems for a particular study has become a serious problem. These marker systems have diffe...
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Protocol
Synthesis of Mikto-Arm Star Peptide Conjugates
Mikto-arm star peptide conjugates are an emerging class of self-assembling peptide-based structural units that contain three or more auxiliary segments of different chemical compositions and/or functionalities...
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Protocol
Genoty**-by-Sequencing and Its Application to Oat Genomic Research
Genoty**-by-sequencing (GBS) has emerged as a useful genomic approach for sampling genome-wide genetic variation, performing genome-wide association map**, and conducting genomic selection. It is a combine...