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How the Brain Develops from the Epiblast: The Node Is Not an Organizer
Studies usingNode Organizerearly-stage avian embryos have substantially impacted developmental biology, through the availability of simple culture...
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Nucleolar Organizer Regions as Transcription-Based Scaffolds of Nucleolar Structure and Function
Eukaryotic genomes maintain multiple copies of ribosomal DNA gene repeats in tandem arrays to provide sufficient ribosomal RNAs to make ribosomes....
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Regulatory roles of nucleolus organizer region-derived long non-coding RNAs
The nucleolus is the largest sub-nuclear domain, serving primarily as the place for ribosome biogenesis. A delicately regulated function of the...
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p47phox and NOXO1, the Organizer Subunits of the NADPH Oxidase 2 (Nox2) and NADPH Oxidase 1 (Nox1)
The enzyme responsible for superoxide anion production in phagocytes is called the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. It is a multicomponent enzyme system...
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The complete dorsal structure is formed from only the blastocoel roof of Xenopus blastula: insight into the gastrulation movement evolutionarily conserved among chordates
Gastrulation is a critical event whose molecular mechanisms are thought to be conserved among vertebrates. However, the morphological movement during...
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Molecular signature of an ancient organizer regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signalling during primary body axis patterning in Hydra
Wnt/β-catenin signalling has been shown to play a critical role during head organizer formation in Hydra . Here, we characterized the Wnt signalling...
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Salamanders as Key Models for Development and Regeneration Research
For 70 years from the very beginning of developmental biology, the salamander embryo was the pre-eminent model for these studies. Here I review the...
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Physiological Functions and Pathological Significance of NADPH Oxidase 3
NADPH oxidase 3 (NOX3) is the catalytic subunit of a superoxide-producing enzyme complex in the inner ear. Other subunits of this complex include...
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Evolution of cis-regulatory modules for the head organizer gene goosecoid in chordates: comparisons between Branchiostoma and Xenopus
BackgroundIn cephalochordates (amphioxus), the notochord runs along the dorsal to the anterior tip of the body. In contrast, the vertebrate head is...
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Experimental duplication of bilaterian body axes in spider embryos: Holm’s organizer and self-regulation of embryonic fields
Bilaterally symmetric body plans of vertebrates and arthropods are defined by a single set of two orthogonal axes, the anterior-posterior (or...
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Gastrulation: Its Principles and Variations
As epiblast cells initiate development into various somatic cells, they undergo a large-scale reorganization, called gastrulation. The gastrulation...
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The Centrosome as a Geometry Organizer
‘Does the geometric design of centrioles imply their function? Several principles of construction of a microscopically small device for locating the...
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Regulatory changes associated with the head to trunk developmental transition
BackgroundDevelopment of vertebrate embryos is characterized by early formation of the anterior tissues followed by the sequential extension of the...
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Structural variation among assembled genomes facilitates development of rapid and low-cost NOR-linked markers and NOR-telomere junction map** in Arabidopsis
Key messageGenome-wide structural variants we identified and new NOR-linked markers we developed would be useful for future genome-wide association...
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Bacterial divisome protein FtsA forms curved antiparallel double filaments when binding to FtsN
During bacterial cell division, filaments of tubulin-like FtsZ form the Z-ring, which is the cytoplasmic scaffold for divisome assembly. In Escherichia...
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Development Features on the Selection of Animal Models for Teratogenic Testing
Today, the use of animal models from different species continues to represent a fundamental step in teratogenic testing, despite the increase in...
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Structural and functional specificity of H3K36 methylation
The methylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me) is essential for maintaining genomic stability. Indeed, this methylation mark is essential for...
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Induction and Genomic Analysis of a Lysogenic Phage of Hafnia paralvei
Hafnia paralvei is a bacterium that can cause zoonoses. No research has been reported on H . paralvei prophage. In this study, a Hafnia phage yong1...
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Emerging mechanistic understanding of cilia function in cellular signalling
Primary cilia are solitary, immotile sensory organelles present on most cells in the body that participate broadly in human health, physiology and...
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Isoform-Selective Nox Inhibitors: Advances and Future Perspectives
The NADPH oxidase family of proteins are professional reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating enzymes that generate superoxide (O2−) by transferring...