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Cholinergic signaling influences the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-L1 and PD-L2, and tumor hallmarks in human colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines
BackgroundCancer cells express immunosuppressive molecules, such as programmed death ligands (PD-L)1 and PD-L2, enabling evasion from the host’s...
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The brain-liver cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and viral infections
Efferent cholinergic signaling is a critical and targetable source of immunoregulation. The vagus nerve (VN) is the primary source of cholinergic...
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α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: a key receptor in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway exerting an antidepressant effect
Depression is a common mental illness, which is related to monoamine neurotransmitters and the dysfunction of the cholinergic, immune, glutamatergic,...
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Chronic neuroinflammation during aging leads to cholinergic neurodegeneration in the mouse medial septum
BackgroundLow-grade, chronic inflammation in the central nervous system characterized by glial reactivity is one of the major hallmarks for...
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Cholinergic signaling via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor regulates the migration of monocyte-derived macrophages during acute inflammation
BackgroundThe involvement of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of inflammation is an emerging concept with significant potential for...
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Basal forebrain cholinergic signalling: development, connectivity and roles in cognition
Acetylcholine plays an essential role in fundamental aspects of cognition. Studies that have mapped the activity and functional connectivity of...
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PTSD, Immune System, and Inflammation
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe trauma and stress-related disorder associated with different somatic comorbidities, especially...
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Cholinergic dysfunction in COVID-19: frantic search and ho** for the best
A novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potential cause of acute respiratory infection...
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Optogenetic stimulation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons prevents neuroinflammation and neuropsychiatric manifestations in pristane induced lupus mice
BackgroundNeuroinflammation has been identified as one of the primary pathogenic factors of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE)....
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The Role of α7nAChR-Mediated Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway in Immune Cells
Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is widely distributed in the nervous and non-cholinergic immune systems. It is necessary for the...
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M1 cholinergic signaling in the brain modulates cytokine levels and splenic cell sub-phenotypes following cecal ligation and puncture
BackgroundThe contribution of the central nervous system to sepsis pathobiology is incompletely understood. In previous studies, administration of...
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Opioids and the Immune System
Opioids have multiple effects on the immune system (IS). Experimentally, the effects of opioid administration range from a severe inhibition to...
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Aluminum as a CNS and Immune System Toxin Across the Life Span
In the following, I will consider the impact of aluminum on two major systems, the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system, across the...
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Neuroinflammatory Biomarkers in Diabetic Encephalopathy: Linking Cholinergic and Cognitive Dysfunction
The progression of diabetes has been linked with disruption of the microvascular system, which may lead to other degenerative conditions, including...
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Injection of amyloid-β to lateral ventricle induces gut microbiota dysbiosis in association with inhibition of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways in Alzheimer’s disease
BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and its pathogenesis is still unclear. There is dysbiosis of gut...
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Noninvasive ultrasound stimulation to treat myocarditis through splenic neuro-immune regulation
BackgroundThe cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) has been widely studied to modulate the immune response. Current stimulating strategies are...
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Cholinergic Senescence in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model for Down Syndrome
Down syndrome (DS) induces a variable phenotype including intellectual disabilities and early development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Moreover,...
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Immune Cell Ion Channels as Therapeutic Targets
The immune systemImmune systems and its components represent the body’s defensive apparatus against microbes, toxins, trauma, and neoplasms....
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Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the immune features and viral tropism in the central nervous system of mice infected with Japanese encephalitis virus
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic pathogen that causes lethal encephalitis. The high susceptibility and massive proliferation of JEV...
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Nicotinic Receptors of the Neuronal and Non-neuronal Cholinergic Systems as Therapeutic Targets: Opportunities and Limitations
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely distributed throughtout the body. Classically, nAChRs were considered to mediate fast synaptic...