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Article
Open AccessTargeted Literature Review of the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Infection among High-Risk and Elderly Patients in Asia Pacific Region
The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which causes acute respiratory illness, is well recognized among the pediatric population but also imposes a significant risk to the elderly (age ≥ 60) and thos...
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Case 29. A 5-Month-Old Female Infant with Fever, Lethargy, Bulging Anterior Fontanelle Following Acute Gastroenteritis 2 Weeks Ago: Nontyphoidal Salmonella Enterocolitis with Invasive Diseases
There are significant geographic serotypes and serogroups variabilities in the occurrence of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia.
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Case 39. A 5-Month-Old Infant with Repeated Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Failure to Thrive: Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission is important to reduce the number of new HIV infections. These strategies include universal opt-out screening for all ...
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Case 45. A 4-Year-Old Boy with Fever, General Skin Rash, Vomiting, and Diarrhea, Following an Operation for Bone Fracture: Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
A toxin-mediated disease characterized by acute onset of fever, hypotension, and signs of multisystem dysfunction, diffuse erythroderma, late desquamation of the...
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Case 14. A 5-Year-Old Boy with Fever, Sore Throat, Odynophagia, and Torticollis: Deep Neck Infection
Deep neck infection can lead to life-threatening complications, including airway compromise, jugular vein thrombosis, and mediastinal extension.
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Case 1. A 6-Day-Old Female Newborn with Fever and Decreased Appetite and Activity: Enteroviral Infection in Neonates
Not uncommon and difficult to be differentiated from bacterial sepsis.
Echovirus and coxsackievirus B are the...
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Case 16. A One-Month-Old Infant with Episodic Upward Gaze and Cyanotic Lips in 1 Day Following a 2-Day Cough: Pertussis with Encephalopathy
Pertussis is a neglected and underdiagnosed disease in Taiwan and in most Asian countries.
Young infants are ...
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Case 20. A 4-Month-Old Male Infant with Dry Cough, Progressive Shortness of Breath: Cytomegalovirus Pneumonitis
Not uncommon and difficult to be differentiated from other viral pneumonia in immunocompetent children.
Manif...
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Case 18. A 9-Year-Old Girl with Fever, Cough Followed by Hemoptysis and Dyspnea: Severe Influenza Virus Infections
Seasonal influenza virus is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children.
Du...
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Case 22. A 2-Year-Old Girl with Community-Acquired Pneumonia Followed by Thrombocytopenia and Anemia: Streptococcus pneumoniae Associated with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a complication in 0.4–0.6% of IPD cases, which is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute ki...
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Case 5. A 2-Year-Old Girl with Fever, Lethargy, and Bilious Vomiting and Petechiae and Purpura: Meningococcal Meningitis and Sepsis
The incidence of invasive meningococcal infection is low, but the disease is fulminant and life-threatening with high mortality and morbidity.
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Case 26. A 7-Year-Old Girl with General Weakness, Fatigue, and a Feeling of Discomfort Following Influenza: Influenza Associated Myocarditis and Pericarditis
While influenza viruses are zoonoses, only influenza virus A, B, and C can cause human infections.
Potential ...
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Case 30. A 6-Year-Old Boy with Fever, Abdominal Pain, and Diarrhea Followed by Progressive Abdominal Distention: Salmonella Enterocolitis Complicated with Toxic Megacolon
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) gastroenteritis is usually self-limited.
For uncomplicated gastroenteritis caus...
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Case 32. A 10-Year-Old Girl with Progressive Abdominal Distension and Intermittent Fever for 2 Months: Abdominal Tuberculosis
Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) accounts for approximately 5% of all cases of tuberculosis and can present as TB lymphadenopathy, peritoneal TB, gastrointestinal TB,...
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Case 36. A 12-Year-Old Adolescent with Fever, Vomiting, General Skin Rash Following a Preceding Minor Trauma Over Left Hip: Disseminated Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection
S. aureus is a common pathogen in humans throughout the life.
Colonization of S. aureus in human is common, a...
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Case 42. A 6-Year-Old Girl with Fever, Sore Throat, Odynophagia, Dysphagia, and Cervical Mass: Lymph-Node-First Presentation Kawasaki Disease
A group of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) may initially present as cervical lymphadenitis or deep neck infection.
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Case 44. A 4-Year-Old Boy with Fever, Cough, Skin Rash, and Difficulty in Breathing: Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
An uncommon, life threatening complication of invasive group A streptococcus (GAS) disease
May lack evidence ...
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Case 11. A 14-Year-Old Boy with Nasal Congestion and Cough for Days Followed by a Tender Bulging Mass on the Forehead: Acute Bacterial Sinusitis and Associated Complications
To distinguish bacterial sinusitis from common cold is important and may prevent unnecessary excessive antibiotic use.
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Case 46. A 3-Year-Old Girl with Fever and Pancytopenia: Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
If symptomatic, acute primary EBV infection is commonly associated with classic infectious mononucleosis and occasionally with pneumonia (0–5%).
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Case 15. A 5-Year-Old Boy with Fever and a Painful Enlarging Erythematous Left Neck Mass: Pyriform Sinus Fistula with Infection
Common clinical presentation is recurrent neck mass, repeated episode of infection and suppurative thyroiditis (mostly on the left-sided).
