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Article
Open AccessPrecise quantification of the time course of voluntary activation capacity following Botulinum toxin injections in the biceps brachii muscles of chronic stroke survivors
Spasticity is a key motor impairment that affects many hemispheric stroke survivors. Intramuscular botulinum toxin (BT) injections are used widely to clinically manage spasticity-related symptoms in stroke sur...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Identifying Spinal Lesion Site from Surface EMG Grid Recordings
Human spinal cord injuries (SCI) disrupt the pathways between the brain and spinal cord, resulting in substantial impairment and loss of function. We recorded surface electromyogram signals (sEMG) using grids ...
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Article
Anomalous EMG–force relations during low-force isometric tasks in hemiparetic stroke survivors
Hemispheric brain injury resulting from a stroke is often accompanied by muscle weakness in contralateral limbs. In neurologically intact subjects, appropriate motoneuronal recruitment and rate modulation are ...
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Article
Reflex reciprocal facilitation of antagonist muscles in spinal cord injury
Electromyographic study in complete and incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI).
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Article
Effect of Muscle Biomechanics on the Quantification of Spasticity
The impact of muscle biomechanics on spasticity was assessed by comparison of the reflex responses of the elbow and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) flexor muscles in individuals with chronic spastic hemiplegia follo...
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Article
Effect of reversible dorsal cold block on the persistence of inhibition generated by spinal reflexes
The effects of bilateral focal cooling of dorsolateral thoracic spinal cord on segmental reflex pathways to the triceps surae muscles were assessed in decerebrate cats from the reflex forces produced by single...
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Chapter
Disturbances of Motoneurone Discharge in Muscles of Subjects with Hemiparetic Stroke
Following injury to the cerebrum or spinal cord, human subjects experience a cluster of clinical signs widely described as the “upper motoneurone syndrome”. This syndrome consists of “spasticity”, (which is an...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Factors Underlying Abnormal Posture and Movement in Spastic Hemiparesis
Hemiparetic stroke is accompanied by abnormalities of muscle tone (identified as spastic hypertonia), weakness for voluntary movement, and disturbances of muscular coordination. The first two disturbances, i.e...
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Article
Differences between steady-state and transient post-synaptic potentials elicited by stimulation of the sural nerve
In cat medial gastrocnemius motoneurons, single stimuli to the cutaneous sural nerve evoke a post-synaptic potential with a mixture of depolarization and hyperpolarization, depolarization being dominant in typ...
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Article
Alterations in motoneuron properties induced by acute dorsal spinal hemisection in the decerebrate cat
Using intracellular recording techniques, we studied the response characteristics of two separate populations of triceps surae motoneurons in unanesthetized decerebrate cats, recorded before and after low thor...
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Article
Wipe and flexion withdrawal reflexes display different EMG patterns prior to movement onset in the spinalized frog
We investigated the hypotheses (1) that the initial flexion part of the wipe reflex elicited in the spinalized frog has the same EMG pattern for wipes to different target locations (Berkinblit et al. 1986), th...
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Article
Disturbances of motor output in a cat hindlimb muscle after acute dorsal spinal hemisection
Force and electromyogram (EMG) responses of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were assessed during isometric contractions in 8 decerebrate cat preparations, before and after acute dorsal hemisection of the spina...
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Article
Characteristics of reflex excitation in close Synergist muscles evoked by muscle vibration
The tonic vibration reflex evoked in the vibrated medial gastrocnemius muscle was compared with that induced simultaneously in an unvibrated close Synergist, the lateral gastrocnemius muscle, in the unanesthet...
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Article
Enhancement by serotonin of tonic vibration and stretch reflexes in the decerebrate cat
The effects of pharmacological manipulation of serotonergic systems on spinal reflexes were determined in the unanesthetized decerebrate cat. The prolonged motor output that continues after cessation of high f...
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Article
Reflex actions of muscle afferents on fusimotor innervation in decerebrated cats: an assessment of beta contributions
The existence of beta innervation in many cat muscles raises the possibility that spindle afferent discharge will excite beta motoneurons, augmenting spindle afferent discharge and thereby closing a positive f...
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Chapter
Function of the spindle dynamic response in stiffness regulation—a predictive mechanism provided by non-linear feedback
Autogenetic reflex responses that act to regulate muscle stiffness are initiated too soon and are too large to be explained solely on the basis of linear feedback from muscle spindle receptors and Golgi tendon...
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Chapter
Nature of the dynamic response and its relation to the high sensitivity of muscle spindles to small changes in length
The dynamic responses of spindle receptors to large ramp changes in length cannot be broken down into length, velocity and acceleration components. Instead, it is shown that, except for a brief transient phase...
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Chapter
Functional roles of fusimotor and skeletofusimotor neurons studied in the decerebrate cat
Although the existence of skeletofusimotor innervation of muscle spindles in mammalian muscles is now amply confirmed, the physiological effects of this innervation have not been established. In an attempt to ...
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Chapter
Functional Specialization in the Motor Unit Population of Cat Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle
The population of motor units making up the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle in the cat has been studied as a representative example of a very heterogeneous motor pool. The wide range in physiological and hist...
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Chapter
Effects of Secondary Muscle Spindle Afferent Discharge on Extensor Motoneurones in the Decerebrate Cat
High frequency longitudinal vibration of the medial gastrocnemius tendon in the decerebrate cat is known to produce phase-locked discharge of virtually all the primary spindle endings in the muscle (Matthews, ...
