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Article
Viral pathogenesis and resistance to defective interfering particles
Recently presented evidence indicates that synthesis of defective interfering (DI) particles following infection of cultured cells with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus may result in self-curing1. The gen...
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Chapter
Virus-specific HLA Class II-restricted Cytotoxic T Cells
A hallmark of the immune response is that all T cell recognition functions are associated with components of the major histocompatability complex (MHC) [1,2]. Foreign antigens are recognized by T cells, only w...
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Article
Isolation of an HTLV-1-like retrovirus from patients with tropical spastic paraparesis
Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) is a slowly progressive myelopathy associated with increased serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type I (HTLV-I) (ref. 1), and has...
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Chapter
The Immune Response to Viruses
This discussion will first examine some of the unique properties of viruses as antigens since this is particularly important in distinguishing the immune response to viruses from that to nonviral antigens. Nex...
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Article
Circulating CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for HTLV-I pX in patients with HTLV-I associated neurological disease
THE human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), the first human retrovirus to be characterized, is associated with adult T-cell leukaemia and a chronic progressive disease of the central nervous system termed ...
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Article
Neuroaxonal dystrophy in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis: neuropathologic and neuroimmunologic correlations
Detailed neuropathologic and immunohistologic analysis of a case of serologically and polymerase chain reaction-confirmed human immunodeficiency virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic par...
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Article
Detection of HTLV-I in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and asymptomatic carriers by PCR-in situ hybridization
Less than 5% of people infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) develop HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a chronic progressive neurologic disease. A number o...
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Article
Association of human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) with multiple sclerosis: Increased IgM response to HHV-6 early antigen and detection of serum HHV-6 DNA
Viruses have long been suggested to be involved in the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS)1. This suggestion is based on (1) epidemiological evidence of childhood exposure to infectious agents and increase in dis...
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Article
Reply to “HHV-6 and multiple sclerosis”
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Article
Localization of retrovirus in the central nervous system of a patient co-infected with HTLV-1 and HIV with HAM/TSP and HIV-associated dementia
Persons co-infected with HTLV-1 and HIV are at increased risk for neurologic disease. These patients may develop HAM/TSP and/or HIV-associated dementia. In this study, we localized cells infected with retrovir...
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Chapter
Immune Response to HTLV-I and HTLV-II
Originally identified from a T-lymphoblastoid cell line (HUT 102) of a patient diagnosed with a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, the human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) was the first described human retrovirus (...
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Article
Selected cytotoxic T lymphocytes with high specificity for HTLV-I in cerebrospinal fluid from a HAM/TSP patient
Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the spinal cord in which HTLV-I Tax-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes...
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Article
Increased detection of serum HHV-6 DNA sequences during multiple sclerosis (MS) exacerbations and correlation with parameters of MS disease progression
In recent years, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has been investigated as a possible causative agent for MS. To determine if the detection of HHV-6 DNA in the serum of MS patients correlates with clinical paramete...
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Article
Detection of virus-specific T cells and CD8+ T-cell epitopes by acquisition of peptide–HLA-GFP complexes: analysis of T-cell phenotype and function in chronic viral infections
Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells acquire peptide–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) clusters through T-cell receptor (TCR)–mediated endocytosis after specific antigen stimulation. We generated an antigen-present...
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Article
Open AccessUse of a multi-virus array for the study of human viral and retroviral pathogens: gene expression studies and ChIP-chip analysis
Since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) twenty years ago, AIDS has become one of the most studied diseases. A number of viruses have subsequently been identified to contribute to the pathog...
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Chapter
Peptide/HLA-GFP Complexes
Antigen-specific T cell responses are essential in host immune defense in health and disease. For many years, it was believed that the immune system was effective only in combating infectious diseases caused b...
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Article
Open AccessInternational Retrovirology Association brings together scientists and clinicians to bridge discoveries about human T-lymphotropic viruses from the laboratory to clinical trials
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 were among the first human retroviruses discovered in the early 1980's. The International Retrovirology Association is an organized effort that fostered th...
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Article
Differential tropism of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) variants and induction of latency by HHV-6A in oligodendrocytes
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a ubiquitous β-herpesvirus associated with a number of clinical disorders. Two closely but biologically distinct variants have been described. HHV-6 variant B causes the common c...
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Article
Reviews in NeuroVirology: An introduction
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Article
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging features in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis
Conventional brain and spinal cord magnetic resonance images were performed in 21 patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, to assess the role o...
