-
Protocol
Quantitative Analysis of Presynaptic Vesicle Luminal pH in Cultured Neurons
Newly generated synaptic vesicles (SVs) are re-acidified by the activity of the vacuolar-type H+-ATPases. Since H+ gradient across SV membrane drives neurotransmitter uptake into SVs, precise measurements of stea...
-
Article
Open AccessThe endosomal Q-SNARE, Syntaxin 7, defines a rapidly replenishing synaptic vesicle recycling pool in hippocampal neurons
Upon the arrival of repetitive stimulation at the presynaptic terminals of neurons, replenishment of readily releasable synaptic vesicles (SVs) with vesicles in the recycling pool is important for sustained ne...
-
Article
Open AccessExpression of plasma membrane calcium ATPases confers Ca2+/H+ exchange in rodent synaptic vesicles
Ca2+ transport into synaptic vesicles (SVs) at the presynaptic terminals has been proposed to be an important process for regulating presynaptic [Ca2+] during stimulation as well as at rest. However, the molecula...
-
Article
Open AccessDevelopment of lentiviral vectors for efficient glutamatergic-selective gene expression in cultured hippocampal neurons
Targeting gene expression to a particular subset of neurons helps study the cellular function of the nervous system. Although neuron-specific promoters, such as the synapsin I promoter and the α-CaMKII promote...
-
Article
Vesicular glutamate transporters as anion channels?
Since the discovery of a putative Cl− channel on synaptic vesicle (SV) membranes, attempts to establish its molecular identity have proven surprisingly difficult. Recent evidence has emerged to support the idea t...
-
Chapter
Transport of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters into Synaptic Vesicles
Fast chemical neurotransmission at the synapse is mediated by the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles (SVs) by exocytosis. In the mammalian central nervous system, the majority of neurons utili...
-
Article
Open AccessThe physiological roles of vesicular GABA transporter during embryonic development: a study using knockout mice
The vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) loads GABA and glycine from the neuronal cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles. To address functional importance of VGAT during embryonic development, we generated global VGAT ...
-
Article
A chloride conductance in VGLUT1 underlies maximal glutamate loading into synaptic vesicles
Glutamate loading of synaptic vesicles requires moderate Cl− concentrations, but is inhibited by high Cl−. Here, Schenck et al. show that the glutamate transporter VGLUT1 is itself a chloride channel. Although hi...
-
Article
Identification of a vesicular glutamate transporter that defines a glutamatergic phenotype in neurons
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Synaptic vesicles are loaded with neurotransmitter by means of specific vesicular transporters. Here we show that exp...
