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Article
Open AccessTemporal trends in population attributable fractions of modifiable risk factors for dementia: a time-series study of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2004–2019)
Interest in modifiable risk factors (MRFs) for dementia is high, given the personal, social, and economic impact of the disorder, especially in ageing societies such as the United Kingdom. Exploring the popula...
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Article
Open Access5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2C receptor antagonism differentially modulate reinforcement learning and cognitive flexibility: behavioural and computational evidence
Cognitive flexibility, the ability to adapt behaviour in response to a changing environment, is disrupted in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive–compulsive disorder and major depressive dis...
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Article
Open AccessComparable roles for serotonin in rats and humans for computations underlying flexible decision-making
Serotonin is critical for adapting behavior flexibly to meet changing environmental demands. Cognitive flexibility is important for successful attainment of goals, as well as for social interactions, and is fr...
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Article
Open AccessDe-identified Bayesian personal identity matching for privacy-preserving record linkage despite errors: development and validation
Epidemiological research may require linkage of information from multiple organizations. This can bring two problems: (1) the information governance desirability of linkage without sharing direct identifiers, ...
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Article
Open AccessChronic escitalopram in healthy volunteers has specific effects on reinforcement sensitivity: a double-blind, placebo-controlled semi-randomised study
Several studies of the effects on cognition of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), administered either acutely or sub-chronically in healthy volunteers, have found changes in learning and reinforce...
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Article
Predicting treatment resistance from first-episode psychosis using routinely collected clinical information
Around a quarter of people who experience a first episode of psychosis (FEP) will develop treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but there are currently no established clinically useful methods to predict this fro...
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Article
Open AccessDifficulty and help with activities of daily living among older adults living alone during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-country population-based study
Older adults who live alone and have difficulties in activities of daily living (ADLs) may have been more vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about pandemic-related changes in ADL...
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Article
Open AccessA class-contrastive human-interpretable machine learning approach to predict mortality in severe mental illness
Machine learning (ML), one aspect of artificial intelligence (AI), involves computer algorithms that train themselves. They have been widely applied in the healthcare domain. However, many trained ML algorithm...
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Article
Open AccessSerotonin depletion impairs both Pavlovian and instrumental reversal learning in healthy humans
Serotonin is involved in updating responses to changing environmental circumstances. Optimising behaviour to maximise reward and minimise punishment may require shifting strategies upon encountering new situat...
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Article
Open AccessSerotonin depletion amplifies distinct human social emotions as a function of individual differences in personality
Serotonin is involved in a wide range of mental capacities essential for navigating the social world, including emotion and impulse control. Much recent work on serotonin and social functioning has focused on ...
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Article
Open AccessGeneration and evaluation of artificial mental health records for Natural Language Processing
A serious obstacle to the development of Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods in the clinical domain is the accessibility of textual data. The mental health domain is particularly challenging, partly beca...
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Article
Open AccessComputational psychopharmacology: a translational and pragmatic approach
Psychopharmacology needs novel quantitative measures and theoretical approaches based on computational modelling that can be used to help translate behavioural findings from experimental animals to humans, inc...
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Open AccessDopamine D2-like receptor stimulation blocks negative feedback in visual and spatial reversal learning in the rat: behavioural and computational evidence
Dopamine D2-like receptors (D2R) are important drug targets in schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease, but D2R ligands also cause cognitive inflexibility such as poor reversal learning. The specific role of D2R...
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Open AccessComputational modelling reveals contrasting effects on reinforcement learning and cognitive flexibility in stimulant use disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: remediating effects of dopaminergic D2/3 receptor agents
Disorders of compulsivity such as stimulant use disorder (SUD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are characterised by deficits in behavioural flexibility, some of which have been captured using probabili...
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Article
Open AccessDissociable effects of acute SSRI (escitalopram) on executive, learning and emotional functions in healthy humans
Serotonin is implicated in multiple executive functions including goal-directed learning, cognitive flexibility, response inhibition and emotional regulation. These functions are impaired in several psychiatri...
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Article
Open AccessNovel Smartphone Interventions Improve Cognitive Flexibility and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms in Individuals with Contamination Fears
One type of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by contamination fears and compulsive cleansing. Few effective treatments are available for this debilitating condition. Compulsive symptoms, su...
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Article
Evidence for a Long-Lasting Compulsive Alcohol Seeking Phenotype in Rats
Excessive drinking to intoxication is the major behavioral characteristic of those addicted to alcohol but it is not the only one. Indeed, individuals addicted to alcohol also crave alcoholic beverages and spe...
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Article
Open AccessClinical records anonymisation and text extraction (CRATE): an open-source software system
Electronic medical records contain information of value for research, but contain identifiable and often highly sensitive confidential information. Patient-identifiable information cannot in general be shared ...
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Article
Negative Allosteric Modulators Selective for The NR2B Subtype of The NMDA Receptor Impair Cognition in Multiple Domains
Antidepressant activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) has led to increased investigation of their behavioral pharmacology. NMDA antagonists, such as...
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Article
Open AccessAssociation between antipsychotic/antidepressant drug treatments and hospital admissions in schizophrenia assessed using a mental health case register
The impact of psychotropic drug choice upon admissions for schizophrenia is not well understood.
