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    Article

    A novel target for combination immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer: IL-1β mediates immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment

    Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated efficacy in multiple cancers, offering the potential of long-term disease control not achievable with cytotoxic or targeted therapies. However, the field has n...

    Rafael Winograd, Diane M. Simeone, Dafna Bar-Sagi in British Journal of Cancer (2021)

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    Article

    CD40 immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer

    Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly aggressive and lethal cancer which is poorly responsive to standard therapies. Although the PDA tumor microenvironment is considered especially immunosuppress...

    Robert H. Vonderheide, David L. Bajor, Rafael Winograd in Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy (2013)

  3. Article

    Open Access

    HIV-1 TAR miRNA protects against apoptosis by altering cellular gene expression

    RNA interference is a gene regulatory mechanism that employs small RNA molecules such as microRNA. Previous work has shown that HIV-1 produces TAR viral microRNA. Here we describe the effects of the HIV-1 TAR ...

    Zachary Klase, Rafael Winograd, Jeremiah Davis, Lawrence Carpio in Retrovirology (2009)

  4. Article

    Open Access

    HIV-1 TAR element is processed by Dicer to yield a viral micro-RNA involved in chromatin remodeling of the viral LTR

    RNA interference (RNAi) is a regulatory mechanism conserved in higher eukaryotes. The RNAi pathway generates small interfering RNA (siRNA) or micro RNA (miRNA) from either long double stranded stretches of RNA...

    Zachary Klase, Prachee Kale, Rafael Winograd, Madhur V Gupta in BMC Molecular Biology (2007)